Photocatalytic activity of microwave-assisted synthesized MoS₂/g-C₃N₄ composite for efficient decomposition of aniline green dye

IF 3.6 4区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR
Gomathi Ramalingam, Priya Arunkumar, Mashael Daghash Alqahtani, Ahmed M. Elgarahy
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This study successfully synthesized MoS₂, g-C₃N₄, and MoS₂/g-C₃N₄ composites using thermal and microwave-assisted methods, yielding efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts with potential applications in degrading recalcitrant aniline green (AG) dye. In contrast to much existing research, our work uniquely establishes a systematic relationship between particle size distribution, composite ratio, and photocatalytic activity in MoS₂/g-C₃N₄ composites towards AG dye. Herein, we thoroughly investigated the profound effect of synthesis methods on structural tuning, supported by photocatalytic performance comparison across various composite ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3), providing critical insights into their synergistic mechanisms. A comprehensive suite of advanced techniques were employed to characterize the synthesized materials. The prepared MoS₂ blend structure and layered stacking arrangement for the MoS₂ and bulk-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> compounds were revealed by the composite material’s XRD analysis; the sizes of MoS₂, pure bulk-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, and their composites with various ratios of MoS₂/g-C₃N₄ (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) were 3.07 nm, 7.54 nm, 4.70 nm, 5.10 nm, and 5.66 nm, respectively. Moreover, the MoS₂/g-C₃N₄ composites exhibited superior photocatalytic activity compared to their individual pure components of 20.82%, and 79.65%, for g-C₃N₄, and MoS₂, respectively. Specifically, the MoS₂/g-C₃N₄ composite with a 1:1 ratio demonstrated the highest degradation efficiency of 94.43% after 120 min of visible light exposure, while the 1:2 and 1:3 ratio composites achieved 81.79%, and 64.05% degradation, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the MoS₂/g-C₃N₄ composite is attributed to the synergistic interaction between MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄. 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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The escalating impacts of a rapidly changing climate, coupled with a soaring global population and environmentally damaging consumption habits, have converged to create an unprecedented and severe worldwide water scarcity challenge. This dire situation underscores the urgent need for the development and implementation of advanced wastewater treatment systems capable of generating high-quality effluent suitable for various beneficial purposes. This study successfully synthesized MoS₂, g-C₃N₄, and MoS₂/g-C₃N₄ composites using thermal and microwave-assisted methods, yielding efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts with potential applications in degrading recalcitrant aniline green (AG) dye. In contrast to much existing research, our work uniquely establishes a systematic relationship between particle size distribution, composite ratio, and photocatalytic activity in MoS₂/g-C₃N₄ composites towards AG dye. Herein, we thoroughly investigated the profound effect of synthesis methods on structural tuning, supported by photocatalytic performance comparison across various composite ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3), providing critical insights into their synergistic mechanisms. A comprehensive suite of advanced techniques were employed to characterize the synthesized materials. The prepared MoS₂ blend structure and layered stacking arrangement for the MoS₂ and bulk-g-C3N4 compounds were revealed by the composite material’s XRD analysis; the sizes of MoS₂, pure bulk-g-C3N4, and their composites with various ratios of MoS₂/g-C₃N₄ (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) were 3.07 nm, 7.54 nm, 4.70 nm, 5.10 nm, and 5.66 nm, respectively. Moreover, the MoS₂/g-C₃N₄ composites exhibited superior photocatalytic activity compared to their individual pure components of 20.82%, and 79.65%, for g-C₃N₄, and MoS₂, respectively. Specifically, the MoS₂/g-C₃N₄ composite with a 1:1 ratio demonstrated the highest degradation efficiency of 94.43% after 120 min of visible light exposure, while the 1:2 and 1:3 ratio composites achieved 81.79%, and 64.05% degradation, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the MoS₂/g-C₃N₄ composite is attributed to the synergistic interaction between MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄. This interaction facilitates efficient charge separation, reduces electron-hole recombination, and enhances visible light absorption. Moreover, the long-term reusability of the best-performing composite (1:1) over 7 cycles exhibited minor fluctuations (90.7%) with minimal effectiveness loss, offering undeniable evidence of its exceptional stability and practical viability. These findings collectively highlight an innovative design approach and underscore the prospective uses of MoS₂/g-C₃N₄ composites as environmentally friendly and highly stable photocatalysts for wastewater treatment.

Graphical Abstract

The graphical abstract effectively encapsulates several critical elements of our work. It visually summarizes the overall photocatalytic setup and the general degradation pathway of aniline green (AG) dye, allowing for an immediate grasp of the reaction system. Crucially, it highlights the central role of the MoS₂/g-C₃N₄ composite in facilitating the photocatalytic process, illustrating the proposed mechanism in an easily digestible format. Furthermore, the graphical abstract vividly demonstrates the superior photocatalytic activity of the MoS₂/g-C₃N₄ composites compared to their individual pure components. Specifically, it showcases that the pure g-C₃N₄ and MoS₂ achieved degradation efficiencies of 20.82% and 79.65%, respectively. In stark contrast, the graphical abstract clearly indicates that the MoS₂/g-C₃N₄ composite with a 1:1 ratio demonstrated the highest degradation efficiency of 94.43% after 120 min of visible light exposure, with the 1:2 and 1:3 ratio composites achieving 81.79% and 64.05% degradation, respectively. This visually supports our finding that the enhanced photocatalytic activity is directly attributed to the synergistic interaction between MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄, which facilitates efficient charge separation, reduces electron-hole recombination, and enhances visible light absorption.

微波辅助合成MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料高效分解苯胺绿色染料的光催化活性研究
气候迅速变化的影响日益加剧,加上全球人口激增和破坏环境的消费习惯,共同造成了前所未有的严重的全球水资源短缺挑战。这种严峻的形势强调了开发和实施先进的废水处理系统的迫切需要,这些系统能够产生适合各种有益目的的高质量废水。本研究利用热和微波辅助方法成功合成了MoS₂、g-C₃N₄和MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料,制备了高效的可见光驱动光催化剂,在降解难降解苯胺绿(AG)染料方面具有潜在的应用前景。与许多现有的研究相比,我们的工作独特地建立了MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料对AG染料的粒径分布、复合比例和光催化活性之间的系统关系。在此,我们深入研究了合成方法对结构调谐的深远影响,并通过比较不同合成比例(1:1,1:2和1:3)的光催化性能,为它们的协同机制提供了重要的见解。采用了一套全面的先进技术来表征合成材料。通过对复合材料的XRD分析,揭示了所制备的MoS 2共混结构以及MoS 2和块状g- c3n4化合物的层状堆积排列;MoS₂/g-C₃N₄(1:1、1:2和1:3)的不同配比的MoS₂、纯块g- c3n4及其复合材料的尺寸分别为3.07 nm、7.54 nm、4.70 nm、5.10 nm和5.66 nm。此外,与单独的纯组分相比,MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料对g-C₃N₄和MoS₂的光催化活性分别为20.82%和79.65%。其中,配比为1:1的MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料在可见光照射120 min后的降解效率最高,为94.43%,而配比为1:2和1:3的复合材料的降解效率分别为81.79%和64.05%。MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料的光催化活性增强是由于MoS₂和g-C₃N₄之间的协同作用。这种相互作用有助于有效的电荷分离,减少电子-空穴复合,并增强可见光吸收。此外,性能最好的复合材料(1:1)在7个周期内的长期可重复使用性表现出很小的波动(90.7%)和最小的有效性损失,这为其卓越的稳定性和实际可行性提供了不可否认的证据。这些发现共同强调了一种创新的设计方法,并强调了MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料作为环境友好型和高度稳定的光催化剂用于废水处理的前景。图形摘要图形摘要有效地封装了我们工作的几个关键元素。它直观地总结了整个光催化装置和苯胺绿(AG)染料的一般降解途径,允许立即掌握反应系统。至关重要的是,它突出了MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料在促进光催化过程中的核心作用,以易于消化的形式说明了所提出的机制。此外,图形摘要生动地展示了MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料与其单个纯组分相比具有优越的光催化活性。具体来说,它表明纯g-C₃N₄和MoS₂的降解效率分别为20.82%和79.65%。与之形成鲜明对比的是,图表摘要清楚地表明,在可见光照射120 min后,1:1比例的MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料的降解效率最高,为94.43%,1:2和1:3比例的复合材料的降解效率分别为81.79%和64.05%。这从视觉上支持了我们的发现,即增强的光催化活性直接归因于MoS₂和g-C₃N₄之间的协同作用,这促进了有效的电荷分离,减少了电子-空穴复合,增强了可见光吸收。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Cluster Science
Journal of Cluster Science 化学-无机化学与核化学
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
166
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes the following types of papers: (a) original and important research; (b) authoritative comprehensive reviews or short overviews of topics of current interest; (c) brief but urgent communications on new significant research; and (d) commentaries intended to foster the exchange of innovative or provocative ideas, and to encourage dialogue, amongst researchers working in different cluster disciplines.
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