Identification of culturable fungi in particulate matter (PM10) on a university campus in a peri-urban area of Northern South America

Abstract

This study aimed to identify culturable fungal bioaerosols in airborne particulate matter (PM₁₀) at a university campus located near Bogotá, Colombia, in the northern region of South America. Bioaerosols, which include living organisms or their byproducts, are significant for air quality, affecting human health, ecosystems, and climate. Fungal spores, a major component of bioaerosols, are known to cause respiratory and allergic diseases. Despite their importance, data on fungal bioaerosols in the Andean region of northern South America are limited. Samples were collected using a low-volume air sampler that captured PM₁₀ particles on filters, later analyzed for fungal colony-forming units (CFUs). The highest concentration observed was 900 CFU/m³. Molecular analysis identified predominant fungal genera, including Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., Xylariales sp., Aspergillus sp., and Trichoderma sp. Cladosporium species, such as C. asperulatum and C. cladosporioides, were notably abundant and have been associated with allergic reactions. Penicillium brevicompactum and Aspergillus fumigatus, both linked to respiratory irritations and lung infections, were also identified. Additionally, some fungal species detected are pathogenic to vegetation. These findings provide essential insights into airborne fungal species in South America, identifying potential allergenic and pathogenic organisms present on a university campus with a densely populated community regularly exposed to airborne particulate matter. This highlights the importance of continuous monitoring and the implementation of control measures to improve scientific understanding of bioaerosol dynamics and the associated health risks.