The current state of biomechanical analyses of the adult human femur: A systematic review

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107158

Blaine Oldham , Omar Manzur , Kishore Myshore Nagaraja , Richard Samade , Wei Li , Robert C. Weinschenk

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Abstract

Background

Biomechanical properties of adult femurs hold significant clinical and surgical relevance. However, a consolidated analysis of those material properties has not been established. Furthermore, the limitations of cadaveric studies and emergence of alternate methods of biomechanical femoral analyses, including synthetic femurs and modern technologies, warrant a comprehensive exploration.

Methods

Three databases were systematically reviewed for biomechanical studies of adult human femurs. Forty-two studies passed inclusion and exclusion criteria. These were categorized as cadaveric, composite, or modern/innovative, and results from these studies were aggregated and organized.

Findings

A total of 858 cadaveric specimens were evaluated, with a weighted average tensile modulus of 11.5 ± 1.08 GPa, compressive modulus of 683.3 ± 290.3 MPa, and ultimate stress of 2.24 ± 0.87 MPa. Analysis of 3D-printed and composite femurs exhibited substantial methodological heterogeneity, and aggregate data are presented herein. Modern technologies included finite-element analysis, x-ray/CT-based studies, fractal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy.

Conclusion

There exists substantial heterogeneity among femoral biomechanical studies. The standardized values derived from cadaveric studies provide baseline biomechanical values for surgical populations. The variety of surrogate femurs and modern technologies necessitate greater standardization in testing methodologies and outcome reporting. A validated and comprehensive library of biomechanical values would be beneficial for future studies.

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成人股骨生物力学分析的现状：系统综述

背景：成人股骨的生物力学特性具有重要的临床和外科意义。但是，还没有对这些材料的特性进行综合分析。此外，尸体研究的局限性和股骨生物力学分析的替代方法的出现，包括合成股骨和现代技术，需要进行全面的探索。方法系统回顾了3个数据库中有关成人股骨生物力学研究的资料。42项研究通过了纳入和排除标准。这些研究被分类为尸体研究、复合研究或现代/创新研究，并对这些研究的结果进行汇总和整理。结果共评估了858具尸体标本，拉伸模量加权平均为11.5±1.08 GPa，压缩模量加权平均为683.3±290.3 MPa，极限应力加权平均为2.24±0.87 MPa。3d打印和复合股骨的分析显示出大量的方法异质性，并在此提供汇总数据。现代技术包括有限元分析、基于x射线/ ct的研究、分形分析和扫描电子显微镜。结论股骨生物力学研究存在较大的异质性。来自尸体研究的标准化值为外科手术人群提供了基线生物力学值。各种各样的替代股骨和现代技术需要在测试方法和结果报告方面更大的标准化。一个经过验证和全面的生物力学值库将有助于未来的研究。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 工程技术-材料科学：生物材料

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

7.70%

发文量

505

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials is concerned with the mechanical deformation, damage and failure under applied forces, of biological material (at the tissue, cellular and molecular levels) and of biomaterials, i.e. those materials which are designed to mimic or replace biological materials. The primary focus of the journal is the synthesis of materials science, biology, and medical and dental science. Reports of fundamental scientific investigations are welcome, as are articles concerned with the practical application of materials in medical devices. Both experimental and theoretical work is of interest; theoretical papers will normally include comparison of predictions with experimental data, though we recognize that this may not always be appropriate. The journal also publishes technical notes concerned with emerging experimental or theoretical techniques, letters to the editor and, by invitation, review articles and papers describing existing techniques for the benefit of an interdisciplinary readership.