{"title":"Optimising PID Controllers for Multi-Area Automatic Generation Control With Improved NSGA-II","authors":"Yang Yang, Yuchao Gao, Shangce Gao, Jinran Wu","doi":"10.1049/cit2.70024","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modern automated generation control (AGC) is increasingly complex, requiring precise frequency control for stability and operational accuracy. Traditional PID controller optimisation methods often struggle to handle nonlinearities and meet robustness requirements across diverse operational scenarios. This paper introduces an enhanced strategy using a multi-objective optimisation framework and a modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (SNSGA). The proposed model optimises the PID controller by minimising key performance metrics: integration time squared error (ITSE), integration time absolute error (ITAE), and rate of change of deviation (J). This approach balances convergence rate, overshoot, and oscillation dynamics effectively. A fuzzy-based method is employed to select the most suitable solution from the Pareto set. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the SNSGA-based approach offers superior tuning capabilities over traditional NSGA-II and other advanced control methods. In a two-area thermal power system without reheat, the SNSGA significantly reduces settling times for frequency deviations: 2.94s for <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>Δ</mi>\n <msub>\n <mi>f</mi>\n <mn>1</mn>\n </msub>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> ${\\Delta }{f}_{1}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> and 4.98s for <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>Δ</mi>\n <msub>\n <mi>f</mi>\n <mn>2</mn>\n </msub>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> ${\\Delta }{f}_{2}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, marking improvements of 31.6% and 13.4% over NSGA-II, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":46211,"journal":{"name":"CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology","volume":"10 4","pages":"1135-1147"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cit2.70024","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/cit2.70024","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Modern automated generation control (AGC) is increasingly complex, requiring precise frequency control for stability and operational accuracy. Traditional PID controller optimisation methods often struggle to handle nonlinearities and meet robustness requirements across diverse operational scenarios. This paper introduces an enhanced strategy using a multi-objective optimisation framework and a modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (SNSGA). The proposed model optimises the PID controller by minimising key performance metrics: integration time squared error (ITSE), integration time absolute error (ITAE), and rate of change of deviation (J). This approach balances convergence rate, overshoot, and oscillation dynamics effectively. A fuzzy-based method is employed to select the most suitable solution from the Pareto set. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the SNSGA-based approach offers superior tuning capabilities over traditional NSGA-II and other advanced control methods. In a two-area thermal power system without reheat, the SNSGA significantly reduces settling times for frequency deviations: 2.94s for and 4.98s for , marking improvements of 31.6% and 13.4% over NSGA-II, respectively.
现代自动发电控制(AGC)越来越复杂,需要精确的频率控制来保证稳定性和运行精度。传统的PID控制器优化方法往往难以处理非线性和满足不同操作场景的鲁棒性要求。本文介绍了一种使用多目标优化框架和改进的非支配排序遗传算法II (SNSGA)的增强策略。所提出的模型通过最小化关键性能指标来优化PID控制器:积分时间平方误差(ITSE),积分时间绝对误差(ITAE)和偏差变化率(J)。这种方法有效地平衡了收敛速度、超调和振荡动力学。采用基于模糊的方法从Pareto集合中选择最合适的解。对比分析表明,与传统的NSGA-II和其他先进的控制方法相比,基于nsga的方法具有优越的调谐能力。在无再热的两区火电系统中,SNSGA显著缩短了频率偏差的沉降时间:Δ f 1 ${\Delta}{f}_{1}$ 2.94秒,Δ f 2 ${\Delta}{f}_{2}$ 4.98秒,与NSGA-II相比分别提高了31.6%和13.4%。
期刊介绍:
CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology is a leading venue for original research on the theoretical and experimental aspects of artificial intelligence technology. We are a fully open access journal co-published by the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) and the Chinese Association for Artificial Intelligence (CAAI) providing research which is openly accessible to read and share worldwide.