Record-breaking high temperature amplifies the negative anomaly of tropical net land carbon sinks in the 2023-2024 El Niño

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI:10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110793

Xiaomeng Du , Philippe Ciais , Stephen Sitch , Frédéric Chevallier , Michael O’Sullivan , Ana Bastos , Sönke Zaehle , Piyu Ke , Lei Zhu , Zhixuan Guo , Yi Leng , Wanjing Li , Jefferson Goncalves de Souza , Wei Li

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The recent El Niño event developed from May 2023 to June 2024, and it experienced record-breaking high temperatures, which is different from the previous El Niño events. Impacts of these extreme climate conditions on the tropical carbon sink in 2023 and 2024 compared to other El Niño years remain unclear. Here we used atmospheric inversions and rapidly updated dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) to quantify the terrestrial carbon sink anomalies in the tropics. The tropical land acted as a carbon source in both 2023 and 2024. The inversion indicated a tropical land carbon sink anomaly (after detrending) of -0.85 and -0.68 PgC yr^-1 in 2023 and 2024, respectively. Although the intensity of El Niño (Oceanic Niño Index) in 2023-2024 was lower than the previous two strong El Niño events (1997-1998, 2015-2016), the terrestrial carbon sink anomaly was comparable in magnitude to that of 2015-2016. This negative anomaly was largely contributed by carbon sources in tropical America. Reduced photosynthesis is the primary cause of the simulated reduction in the tropical carbon sink during this period. The stronger temperature sensitivity combined with large temperature anomalies contributed to the negative carbon sink anomaly. The amplifying effect of temperature in terrestrial carbon sinks in the 2023-2024 El Niño suggests that long-term warming is likely to exacerbate carbon loss in extreme climate events, increasing potential risks for ecosystem sustainability and carbon sequestration.

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2023-2024年El Niño创纪录高温放大了热带陆地净碳汇负异常

最近的“El Niño”事件发生在2023年5月至2024年6月，与以往的“El Niño”事件不同，它经历了创纪录的高温。与其他厄尔尼诺Niño年相比，这些极端气候条件对2023年和2024年热带碳汇的影响尚不清楚。本文利用大气逆温和快速更新的动态全球植被模型（dgvm）来量化热带地区陆地碳汇异常。热带土地在2023年和2024年都是碳源。2023年和2024年热带陆地碳汇距平（去趋势后）分别为-0.85和-0.68 PgC -1。虽然2023-2024年El Niño（海洋Niño指数）强度低于前两次强El Niño事件（1997-1998年和2015-2016年），但陆地碳汇异常的幅度与2015-2016年相当。这种负异常主要是由热带美洲的碳源造成的。光合作用减少是这一时期模拟热带碳汇减少的主要原因。较强的温度敏感性和较大的温度异常是负碳汇异常的主要原因。2023-2024年El Niño期间陆地碳汇温度的放大效应表明，长期变暖可能加剧极端气候事件中的碳损失，增加生态系统可持续性和碳固存的潜在风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 农林科学-林学

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

9.70%

发文量

415

审稿时长

69 days

期刊介绍： Agricultural and Forest Meteorology is an international journal for the publication of original articles and reviews on the inter-relationship between meteorology, agriculture, forestry, and natural ecosystems. Emphasis is on basic and applied scientific research relevant to practical problems in the field of plant and soil sciences, ecology and biogeochemistry as affected by weather as well as climate variability and change. Theoretical models should be tested against experimental data. Articles must appeal to an international audience. Special issues devoted to single topics are also published. Typical topics include canopy micrometeorology (e.g. canopy radiation transfer, turbulence near the ground, evapotranspiration, energy balance, fluxes of trace gases), micrometeorological instrumentation (e.g., sensors for trace gases, flux measurement instruments, radiation measurement techniques), aerobiology (e.g. the dispersion of pollen, spores, insects and pesticides), biometeorology (e.g. the effect of weather and climate on plant distribution, crop yield, water-use efficiency, and plant phenology), forest-fire/weather interactions, and feedbacks from vegetation to weather and the climate system.