Study on the multifactorial influence of particle impact parameters on erosion characteristics under dry/wet wall conditions

Abstract

Particle impact erosion is prevalent in engineering fields such as energy systems and chemical engineering, yet the interactions between liquid films and particles under wet impact conditions remain poorly understood. In this study, the effects of particle diameter (2–5 mm), impact velocity (1.4–4.6 m/s for normal impacts and 3 m/s for oblique impacts), and impact angle on erosion behaviour under both dry and wet conditions are examined. The results show that, under dry conditions, the erosion depth was linearly related to particle diameter and velocity and reached 153.8 μm for 4 mm particles at 4.64 m/s, whereas it reached 76.6 μm for 2 mm particles. The erosion volume increased quadratically with velocity and peaked at an impact angle of approximately 80°. Under wet conditions (with a film thickness of 300 μm and a viscosity of 195 mPa s), the liquid film significantly reduced erosion, and the erosion volume growth rates exhibited a distinct transition at 3.4 m/s. A functional model was developed to quantify the effects of the film on the velocity and angle. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for erosion-resistant system design.