Rapid growth of a melanotic neuroectodermal tumor after biopsy in a 3-month-old infant

Abstract

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare pigmented tumor of neural crest origin, commonly occurring in the head and neck region. Despite being a benign tumor, MNTI is characterized by high cell proliferation activity and can sometimes enlarge while destroying surrounding tissues. Herein, we report a case of MNTI in a 3-month-old girl who exhibited rapid tumor growth following a biopsy; we have included a discussion of the case and review of the relevant literature. Upon initial examination, a 20-mm (long axis) elastic hard mass was observed in the left upper alveolar region extending to the oral vestibule. The mucosal surface was smooth, and submucosal blue-gray tissue was visible. A biopsy was performed under general anesthesia, but the lesion rapidly enlarged into a grayish-white, irregular mass within a few days. Subsequently, a diagnosis of MNTI was made, and 14 days after the biopsy, the patient underwent a left maxillary tumor resection and surrounding bone removal under general anesthesia. Following the surgery, a pediatric prosthesis was timely fabricated by the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, resulting in both morphological and functional recovery. Treatment options should carefully consider factors related to quality of life to address potential facial deformities that may become more prominent with the subsequent growth of the child.