Green anchors enhance slope stability: mechanisms and efficacy in reinforcement

Abstract

As a primary slope stabilization technique, anchor support encompasses traditional engineering anchors, green anchors, and ecological restoration methods. This review synthesizes two decades of literature to evaluate these approaches. Current research disproportionately focuses on engineering anchors, while green anchor systems remain less studied despite their dual advantages: reduced labor/economic costs and environmental benefits. Notably, most green anchor studies originate from low-altitude plains, with minimal attention to high-altitude cold-arid regions such as plateaus. We therefore identify slope reinforcement using green anchors in plateau environments as a critical emerging research frontier.