Catalysis for the Energy Transition

Abstract

Society is at a critical juncture regarding the future of energy security. Traditional fossil resources have been execrated while many sustainable alternatives in the energy transition are commercially or economically unfit-for-purpose. While the amalgamation of energy molecules beyond 2050 remains uncertain, catalysis will play a role in how these molecules are produced. The aim of this perspective is to provide a view of where catalysis can impact technologies necessary for the current energy transition from fossil-based sources to renewable ones, with the primary goal being to reduce net carbon dioxide emissions. This discussion focuses on the importance and means to obtain energy carrier molecules, and the challenges associated with producing them by sustainable means. Production of the target molecules will rely upon development of catalysts designed specifically for each application area involved in the energy transition space, with some technology areas requiring more R&D than others. Discussion around specific opportunities and challenges for envisioned catalysts and processes will be presented. Addressing the demand for energy in forms that can be stored and transported(i. e. the concept of molecular energy carriers) is highlighted with special attention given to specific examples. We will demonstrate that regardless of the chosen route to mitigate the CO₂ footprint of current fossil hydrocarbons, catalysts and catalysis will play an essential role.