Optimization of storage conditions for johor stingless bee honey using factorial experimental design

Abstract

Stingless bee honey, highly valued for its nutritional and medicinal benefits, is widely produced in Malaysia, especially in Johor. However, optimal storage conditions are essential to preserve these qualities over time. This study investigates the effects of temperature and storage duration on the quality of stingless bee honey, analyzing 27 samples collected from 10 districts in Johor, Malaysia. Specifically, the study examines variations in moisture content, acidity, and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels across three temperatures (4°C, 24°C, and 35°C) and storage periods ranging from 30 to 90 days. Findings reveal that lower temperatures, particularly 4°C, are effective in minimizing increases in moisture content, acidity, and HMF over shorter storage periods, preserving honey quality most effectively at 30 days. These findings highlight the significance of cool storage in preserving the physicochemical properties of honey and offer valuable insights for developing storage standards that improve the safety, quality, and therapeutic value of honey products from Malaysian stingless bees. This research also contributes valuable insights for broader applications in the honey industry, particularly within Malaysia's climate.