A Multimodal Smart Window with Visible‐NIR‐LWIR Electro‐Modulation for All Weather

Abstract

Intelligent modulation of solar and thermal radiation for a smart window, including visible, near‐infrared (NIR), and long‐wave infrared (LWIR) spectral tri‐bands (0.38–25 µm), to achieve indoor comfort and energy efficiency is a critical frontier in sustainable building design. However, independent regulations of multi‐functional radiation of visible lighting, NIR heating, and LWIR radiative cooling for dynamic operational requirements and weather conditions are not fully solved. A PET/ITO/PB/Pt‐NPs electrode featuring separated reactions of ion insertion and metal electrodeposition for dual‐band modulation of visible and NIR via precise potential control, enabling multifunctionalities such as illumination, glare reduction, and privacy protection is proposed. A multimodal smart window of lighting‐heating‐emitting electro‐modulation device (LHE‐ED), wherein electrochromism and dynamic emittance are delicately manipulated for tri‐band modulation, possesses six independent electro‐driven states of multi‐scene lighting‐heating‐emitting regulations for the first time, exhibiting excellent wavelength selectivity of △TVis = 41.24%, △TNIR = 53.95%, and Δε8‐13 µm = 0.35. Building energy simulations demonstrate the LHE‐ED outperforms commercial low‐E glass across diverse climate zones, showcasing a maximum reduction in CO2 emissions of 34.01 kg (m2 year)−1 and a decrease in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) energy consumption by 34.18% annually, which paves the way for next‐generation smart window in terms of energy saving and environmental preservation.