The role of bone in whole-body energy metabolism

IF 40 1区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Beata Lecka-Czernik, Clifford J. Rosen, Nicola Napoli
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Abstract

The skeleton is one of the largest organs in the body and is integrated with systemic energy metabolism. This integration is mediated in part through the process of skeletal remodelling, which is fundamental for maintenance of bone mass and quality. Remodelling is an energetically expensive process that contributes to energy balance owing to constant substrate flow to the skeleton in the form of glucose, lipids and amino acids, as well as output of hormonal factors regulating peripheral metabolism. Bone remodelling is orchestrated by osteocytes, the most abundant cells in bone. Hence, it stands to reason that osteocytes must also regulate substrate availability and utilization not only for their own function but also for those of other skeletal cells (namely, osteoblasts and osteoclasts). Osteocytes also secrete factors (such as osteokines) that are engaged in complex molecular signalling networks that influence glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. Importantly, whole-body metabolism and bone homeostasis share similar regulatory mechanisms, including the RANKL and parathyroid hormone signalling pathways. This Review summarizes our current understanding of how the skeleton regulates whole-body energy metabolism and leads to the conclusion that bone might not be the core regulator of systemic energy metabolism but rather acts as an organ that instead regulates these complex processes.

Abstract Image

骨骼在全身能量代谢中的作用
骨骼是人体最大的器官之一,与全身能量代谢相结合。这种整合部分是通过骨骼重塑过程介导的,这是维持骨量和质量的基础。重塑是一个能量昂贵的过程,由于葡萄糖、脂质和氨基酸形式的底物不断流入骨架,以及调节外周代谢的激素因子的输出,有助于能量平衡。骨重塑是由骨细胞组织的,骨细胞是骨中最丰富的细胞。因此,骨细胞也必须调节底物的可用性和利用,这不仅是为了它们自己的功能,也是为了其他骨骼细胞(即成骨细胞和破骨细胞)的功能。骨细胞还分泌因子(如骨因子),参与复杂的分子信号网络,影响葡萄糖代谢、胰岛素敏感性和能量稳态。重要的是,全身代谢和骨稳态具有相似的调节机制,包括RANKL和甲状旁腺激素信号通路。这篇综述总结了我们目前对骨骼如何调节全身能量代谢的理解,并得出结论,骨骼可能不是全身能量代谢的核心调节器,而是作为一个器官来调节这些复杂的过程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Nature Reviews Endocrinology
Nature Reviews Endocrinology 医学-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
42.00
自引率
0.70%
发文量
158
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Nature Reviews Endocrinology aspires to be the foremost platform for reviews and commentaries catering to the scientific communities it serves. The journal aims to publish articles characterized by authority, accessibility, and clarity, enhanced with easily understandable figures, tables, and other visual aids. The goal is to offer an unparalleled service to authors, referees, and readers, striving to maximize the usefulness and impact of each article. Nature Reviews Endocrinology publishes Research Highlights, Comments, News & Views, Reviews, Consensus Statements, and Perspectives relevant to researchers and clinicians in the fields of endocrinology and metabolism. Its broad scope ensures that the work it publishes reaches the widest possible audience.
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