Regulation of Somatosensory Temporal Discrimination Threshold Through Motor Training: An EEG and Kinematics Study

IF 5 1区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI:10.1111/cns.70564

Jinyan Zhang, Wangjun Zou, Binbin Gao, Jinglong Wu, Zhilin Zhang, Jian Zhang, Luyao Wang, Tianyi Yan

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Abstract

Aims

Motor training enhances somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT), but the distinct neural mechanisms underlying actual execution versus motor imagery remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of ball-rotation training (BRT; actual execution) and visual-guided imagery (VGI; motor imagery) on STDT, kinematic performance, and neurophysiological plasticity in healthy adults.

Methods

Forty-eight right-handed participants were randomized into four groups: BRT (actual execution), VGI (motor imagery without movement), tactile control (simple gripping), and no-intervention control. Over seven days, participants underwent pre-/post-training assessments including kinematic analysis, STDT measurement, power spectral analysis and somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs).

Results

BRT significantly enhanced motor performance (83% score increase vs. 21% in controls, p < 0.001) and movement speed (37% cycle time reduction vs. 12%–16% in others, p < 0.001), with partial transfer to the untrained hand. Both interventions reduced STDT but at distinct locations: BRT selectively improved index finger discrimination (64.02 ms → 43.75 ms, p = 0.007), while VGI enhanced palm sensitivity (73.43 ms → 61.13 ms, p = 0.003). Neurophysiologically, SEPs revealed increased spatial inhibition ratio (SIR) plasticity in both BRT and VGI (p < 0.001), correlating with STDT gains. EEG demonstrated BRT-induced gamma-band power increases in parietal regions and theta-band elevations in prefrontal cortex, whereas VGI modulated delta-band activity in ipsilateral parietal cortex.

Conclusion

Actual execution (BRT) and motor imagery (VGI) enhance STDT through distinct neuroplastic mechanisms: BRT optimizes sensorimotor integration via parietal gamma/prefrontal theta oscillations, while VGI relies on ipsilateral parietal delta modulation. These findings underscore the role of cortical reorganization in motor learning and support tailored rehabilitation strategies for neurological disorders.

Abstract Image

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运动训练对体感颞区区分阈值的调节：脑电图和运动学研究

目的运动训练可提高体感颞区辨别阈值（STDT），但实际执行与运动想象之间的神经机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在比较球旋转训练（BRT；实际执行）和视觉引导成像（VGI；运动成像）对健康成人STDT、运动学表现和神经生理可塑性的影响。方法48名右撇子被试随机分为4组：BRT（实际执行）组、VGI（无运动的运动想象）组、触觉控制组（单纯抓握）组和无干预组。在7天的时间里，参与者接受了训练前/训练后的评估，包括运动学分析、STDT测量、功率谱分析和躯体感觉诱发电位（sep）。结果BRT显著提高了运动表现（得分提高83%，对照组提高21%，p < 0.001）和运动速度（循环时间减少37%，对照组减少12%-16%，p < 0.001），部分转移到未训练的手。两种干预措施都减少了STDT，但在不同的位置：BRT选择性地提高了食指识别（64.02 ms→43.75 ms, p = 0.007），而VGI增强了手掌灵敏度（73.43 ms→61.13 ms, p = 0.003）。神经生理学上，sep显示BRT和VGI的空间抑制比（SIR）可塑性增加（p < 0.001），与STDT增益相关。脑电图显示brt诱导的顶叶区域γ波段功率增加和前额叶皮层θ波段升高，而VGI调节了同侧顶叶皮层δ波段活动。实际执行（BRT）和运动想象（VGI）通过不同的神经可塑性机制增强STDT: BRT通过顶叶伽马/前额叶θ振荡优化感觉运动整合，而VGI依赖于同侧顶叶δ调制。这些发现强调了皮层重组在运动学习中的作用，并为神经系统疾病的量身定制康复策略提供了支持。

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来源期刊

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 医学-神经科学

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

12.70%

发文量

240

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics provides a medium for rapid publication of original clinical, experimental, and translational research papers, timely reviews and reports of novel findings of therapeutic relevance to the central nervous system, as well as papers related to clinical pharmacology, drug development and novel methodologies for drug evaluation. The journal focuses on neurological and psychiatric diseases such as stroke, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and drug abuse.