{"title":"Bi4Ti3O12-Based Sol-Gel Composite Ultrasonic Transducer for High-Temperature Measurements","authors":"Mako Nakamura;Makiko Kobayashi","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3596330","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, Bi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (BiT)/TiO<sub>2</sub> + SrCO<sub>3</sub> (TO+Sr) sol-gel composites were characterized to develop a lead-free, highly sensitive, low-temperature sintering ultrasonic transducer material for nondestructive testing in high-temperature environments. Samples of BiT/TO+Sr and, as a comparison, a 50-μm-thick film of lead-containing material BiT/ Pb(Zr,Ti)O<sub>3</sub> (PZT) were fired at 200°C, 400°C, and 650°C, respectively, and their ultrasonic response properties were evaluated from room temperature to 500°C. In the room-temperature performance test, BiT/TO+Sr with specified firing temperature showed higher <italic>d</i><sub>33</sub> and sensitivity than BiT/PZT with the same firing temperature. In the high-temperature cycling test, every sample exhibited a stable ultrasonic response up to 500°C. The sensitivity of BiT/TO+Sr is equivalent to that of BiT/PZT. These results indicate that BiT/TO+Sr sol-gel composites, which can be sintered at low temperatures and have high sensitivity, are promising high-temperature piezoelectric materials that can replace the conventional lead-containing material, such as BiT/PZT.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 9","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Sensors Letters","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11119025/","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In this letter, Bi4Ti3O12 (BiT)/TiO2 + SrCO3 (TO+Sr) sol-gel composites were characterized to develop a lead-free, highly sensitive, low-temperature sintering ultrasonic transducer material for nondestructive testing in high-temperature environments. Samples of BiT/TO+Sr and, as a comparison, a 50-μm-thick film of lead-containing material BiT/ Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) were fired at 200°C, 400°C, and 650°C, respectively, and their ultrasonic response properties were evaluated from room temperature to 500°C. In the room-temperature performance test, BiT/TO+Sr with specified firing temperature showed higher d33 and sensitivity than BiT/PZT with the same firing temperature. In the high-temperature cycling test, every sample exhibited a stable ultrasonic response up to 500°C. The sensitivity of BiT/TO+Sr is equivalent to that of BiT/PZT. These results indicate that BiT/TO+Sr sol-gel composites, which can be sintered at low temperatures and have high sensitivity, are promising high-temperature piezoelectric materials that can replace the conventional lead-containing material, such as BiT/PZT.