Innovative TiVC/dsDNA biosensor platform for enhanced detection of anastrozole; Experiment and DFT approaches

Abstract

Biosensors are at the core of the quick and precise identification of chemotherapeutic drugs in biological fluids. Various groups of researchers have therefore spent their time designing new biosensor devices for identifying cancer biomarkers, as well as tracking chemotherapy medications and associated analytes. This research introduces a novel bio-electrochemical sensor designed for the precise monitoring of Anastrozole, an anticancer drug for breast cancer, lung cancer treatment and an agent with anti-proliferative effects in human prostate cancer cell lines, in aqueous solution. The TiVC MXene catalyst was synthesized using an etching process and characterized through techniques such as TEM, BET, XRD, MAP, FESEM, EDS and CV. The salmon ds-DNA acting as the guanine source element for interaction reaction and TiVC MXene serving as the primary conductive layer decorated at surface of screen-printed electrode (SPE) for fabrication of Anastrozole biosensor. The presence of TiVC MXene catalyst improved the biosensor's conductivity by approximately 1.55 times, enabling trace analysis of Anastrozole. The current relative to guanine bases in ds-DNA structure was selected as a key indicator to track the intercalation of Anastrozole. This method demonstrated a detection limit of 9.0 nM, we were able to detect Anastrozole over a concentration range of 0.03–100 µM due to a notable decrease in the guanine signal. Additionally, the hypothesis that anastrozole interacts with DNA receptors through intercalation was validated by density functional theory (DFT) simulations. This improves our comprehension of the kinetics involved in this interaction and is in good agreement with our experimental findings.