Magnetic exploration for geothermal power: a case study of Tattapani thermal spring

IF 2.1 4区 地球科学
Mehboob Ur Rashid, Waqas Ahmed, Said Muhammad, Mohammad Arsalan Khan, Adham E. Ragab, Mohammad Mursaleen, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Rapid industrialization and population growth have placed increasing pressure on conventional energy resources, prompting the need for reliable, low-emission alternatives. Geothermal energy, with its capacity for both thermal and electrical production, remains largely untapped in Pakistan despite abundant thermal springs and favorable tectonic settings. In this study, we evaluate the potential of the Tattapani thermal spring, located within the Hazara-Kashmir syntaxis of the Sub-Himalayan fold-thrust belt, using an integrated ground magnetic approach. A grid of 1,107 measurements spaced at 50 × 50 m was collected with a proton precession magnetometer. Hierarchical statistical analysis of total magnetic intensity and residual magnetic data delineated five distinct magnetic zones, ranging from low-intensity magnetic thermal zone to high-intensity backgrounds each corresponding to different lithologies confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The Tattapani thermal spring exhibits a total magnetic anomaly of about 500nT, which more clearly emphasizes local variations than absolute IGRF-dependent field values. First-order derivative filters (dx, dy, dz) and downward continuation to 1,000 m sharpened fault-controlled alterations, while Euler deconvolution (structural index 0–1) revealed that over 70% of causative bodies lie within 60 m of the surface, with nearly half concentrated in the MTZ. These shallow magnetic lows coincide with hydrothermal alteration halos developed along NE–SW fault intersections and an anticlinal contact between shale/marl and dolomite units. A conceptual model illustrates continuous recharge from the adjacent Poonch River through fault-bounded conduits, feeding the spring’s stable thermal output. Our findings show that Tattapani geothermal manifestation is structurally controlled by near-surface faults and is readily accessible, making it a strong candidate for sustainable power generation. To advance resource development, we recommend targeted gravity surveys to resolve deeper structures, exploratory drilling up to 01 km for direct temperature and permeability measurement, comprehensive geochemical and geotechnical testing, environmental impact assessment, within a phased exploration framework. This study shows that by integrating magnetic data with prior resistivity results can augment existing methods to refine subsurface interpretations and advance geothermal exploration in the region.

地热能磁力勘探:以塔塔帕尼温泉为例
快速工业化和人口增长对传统能源造成越来越大的压力,促使人们需要可靠、低排放的替代能源。尽管巴基斯坦有丰富的温泉和有利的构造环境,但具有热能和电力生产能力的地热能在很大程度上仍未得到开发。在这项研究中,我们利用综合地磁方法评估了塔塔帕尼温泉的潜力,塔塔帕尼温泉位于亚喜马拉雅褶皱冲断带的哈扎拉-克什米尔合带内。用质子进动磁强计收集了1,107个间隔为50 × 50 m的测量数据。对总磁强和剩磁数据进行分层统计分析,圈定了5个不同的磁区,从低强度磁热区到高强度背景,每个磁区对应不同的岩性,并经x射线衍射证实。塔塔帕尼温泉显示出约500nT的总磁异常,这比绝对的依赖igrf的磁场值更清楚地强调局部变化。一阶导数滤波(dx, dy, dz)和向下延拓至1000 m,强化了断层控制的蚀变,而欧拉反褶积(构造指数0-1)显示,超过70%的致病体位于地表60 m范围内,其中近一半集中在MTZ。这些浅层磁低压与沿NE-SW断裂交叉处发育的热液蚀变晕以及页岩/泥灰岩和白云岩单元的背斜接触相吻合。一个概念模型说明了邻近的Poonch河通过断层边界管道连续补给,为泉水提供稳定的热量输出。我们的研究结果表明,塔塔帕尼地热表现在结构上受近地表断层控制,并且易于接近,使其成为可持续发电的强有力候选者。为了推进资源开发,我们建议在分阶段勘探框架内,有针对性地进行重力测量,以解决更深层次的构造,勘探钻探达01公里,进行直接温度和渗透率测量,进行综合地球化学和岩土测试,进行环境影响评估。该研究表明,将磁性数据与先前的电阻率结果相结合,可以增强现有方法,以改进地下解释,并推进该地区的地热勘探。
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来源期刊
Acta Geophysica
Acta Geophysica GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS-
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
13.00%
发文量
251
期刊介绍: Acta Geophysica is open to all kinds of manuscripts including research and review articles, short communications, comments to published papers, letters to the Editor as well as book reviews. Some of the issues are fully devoted to particular topics; we do encourage proposals for such topical issues. We accept submissions from scientists world-wide, offering high scientific and editorial standard and comprehensive treatment of the discussed topics.
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