Protocol for the development and validation of a patient centered assessment method questionnaire – patient version (PCAM-P) for use in chiropractic care generative

Abstract

Introduction

The biopsychosocial (BPS) model offers a holistic framework for patient care, yet its implementation in chiropractic settings remains limited. The Patient-Centered Assessment Method (PCAM) evaluates patient complexity within the BPS model but lacks a corresponding tool for direct patient self-report. This study aims to develop and validate a patient-facing version of the PCAM (PCAM-P) tailored specifically for chiropractic care, enabling comparison between patient and provider perspectives on BPS needs.

Methods

A multi-phase design will guide the development, refinement, and validation of the PCAM-P. Initial adaptation will involve expert review to ensure conceptual alignment with the original PCAM. Pilot testing and validation phases will assess face validity, construct validity, and reliability, including analyses of internal consistency and patient-provider congruency. Participants will include chiropractic patients presenting with pain and their providers, with data collected via secure, online platforms. Demographic and clinical information will be incorporated into all analyses. Primary outcomes will include the PCAM-P’s reliability and validity in assessing biopsychosocial complexity in chiropractic care. Secondary outcomes will evaluate the congruency of patient-provider assessments and the tool’s feasibility and utility in supporting BPS-informed communication and care delivery.

Discussion

This is the first study to develop and evaluate a mirrored BPS assessment tool specifically for chiropractic patients. The PCAM-P is designed to improve patient-provider communication, enhance care alignment, and support the integration of biopsychosocial principles into routine chiropractic practice.

Conclusion

The PCAM-P aims to provide a validated, patient-centered tool for biopsychosocial assessment in chiropractic care. Study findings aim to inform clinical practice guidelines and promote interdisciplinary applications of the BPS model, advancing holistic and collaborative care.