Enhancing the performance of natural clay for nitrate ions removal from groundwater and wastewater of the region of Taroudant (Souss-Massa Morocco): mechanism, optimization and evolution toxicity

Waste Management Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI:10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100239

Abdallah Assouani , Abdelkader Dabagh , Mohamed EL-Habacha , Guellaa Mahmoudy , Mhamed Abali , Mohamed Chiban , Naima Alahiane , Mohamed Zerbet

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Abstract

This paper discusses the adsorption mechanism of nitrate ions using natural clay from an aqueous solution. The adsorbent’s heterogeneous structure with deep voids and significant porosity was also seen under the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This structure is assumed to be essential for binding and collecting nitrate ions onto the adsorbent surface. Different functional groups have been identified to facilitate the adsorption of nitrate ions onto adsorbent. The Brunauer Emmett et Teller (BET) surface examination revealed that the natural raw clay (NRC) surface is around 6.44 m²/g. With a 98 % correlation coefficient, the Langmuir isotherm is the most appropriate model to explain the adsorption process. 241.18 mg/g was the maximum adsorption capacity for nitrate ions at 291 K. The pseudo second-order model represents a good explanation of adsorption kinetics. According to thermodynamic calculations, adsorption occurs spontaneously and exothermically on natural clay. The natural clay was recycled; the removal of nitrates was 42.08 % after the third cycle.The results of Taguchi experimental design (TED), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and response surface methodology (RSM) showed that initial concentration, contact time, and pH are the most significant factors influencing the efficiency of removal with a contribution of 76.96 %, 11.29 %, and 4.3 %, respectively. The maximum removal efficiency of nitrate ions in optimal operating conditions was 82.67 %. Which at the optimal conditions of 0.5 g/L, 360 min, 1000 mg/L, 18 °C, pH 4 for nitrate ions. The results confirm the effectiveness of natural clay in lentil seed germination and nitrate removal from water.

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提高天然粘土去除Taroudant （Souss-Massa Morocco）地区地下水和废水中硝酸盐离子的性能：机理、优化和演化毒性

探讨了天然粘土对水溶液中硝酸盐离子的吸附机理。扫描电镜（SEM）观察到吸附剂的非均质结构，孔隙深，孔隙率高。这种结构被认为是结合和收集硝酸盐离子到吸附剂表面所必需的。不同的官能团有助于硝酸盐离子在吸附剂上的吸附。Brunauer Emmett et Teller （BET）表面检测显示，天然原料粘土（NRC）表面约为6.44 m2/g。Langmuir等温线具有98%的相关系数，是解释吸附过程最合适的模型。291 K时对硝酸盐离子的最大吸附量为241.18 mg/g。伪二阶模型很好地解释了吸附动力学。根据热力学计算，吸附在天然粘土上是自发和放热的。天然粘土被回收；第三次循环后，硝酸盐的去除率为42.08%。田口试验设计（TED）、方差分析（ANOVA）和响应面法（RSM）结果表明，初始浓度、接触时间和pH是影响去除率的最显著因素，其贡献率分别为76.96%、11.29%和4.3%。在最佳操作条件下，硝酸盐离子的最大去除率为82.67%。其中在0.5 g/L, 360 min, 1000 mg/L, 18°C， pH 4的最佳条件下对硝酸盐离子。结果证实了天然粘土对小扁豆种子萌发和水中硝酸盐去除的有效性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Waste Management Bulletin

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