Unravelling AYUSH providers’ perspectives on healthcare choices of people residing in urban areas of Puducherry, India- A concurrent mixed method study

Abstract

Background

The rising popularity of alternative medicine positions AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathy) systems as valuable tools for providing affordable, culturally appropriate healthcare to low-middle-income countries. However, overcoming the challenges of scaling up these traditional systems is key to gaining broader acceptance of this promising healthcare approach.

Objectives

To determine the prevalence and associated factors of AYUSH utilization. And, to explore the perceptions of AYUSH providers on factors supporting or hindering AYUSH adoption, and its integration with conventional medicine.

Material and methods

A concurrent mixed-method study was employed between September and December 2023. Prevalence of AYUSH utilization was assessed via door-to-door survey using pre-tested questionnaire. Ten key informant interviews were conducted among AYUSH practitioners and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Prevalence of AYUSH utilization was 19.2% (95% CI:16.9% – 21.6%). A significant association among people with comorbidities (aPR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0–2.1; P-value<0.05) is observed. Qualitative analysis revealed that growing public interest and government support were key enablers, while limited scientific validation and workforce shortage were major barriers. From the health systems perspective, AYUSH providers spoke about the need for policy and governance reforms to create a more unified healthcare system.

Conclusion

Despite some challenges, the findings suggest that AYUSH is increasingly favoured for its natural approach. A growing acceptance of integrative medicine highlights the need for cohesive care models and improved accessibility. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing state-specific needs and standardizing AYUSH practices to facilitate integration.