Gas Storage Applications of Metal–Organic Frameworks

Abstract

This review presents a comprehensive overview beginning with the introduction to MOFs as ideal candidates for gas storage. The synthesis of MOFs through various methodologies is examined in detail. Additionally, the review explores the factors that affect MOF stability, such as framework rigidity, metal–ligand bond strength, and environmental tolerance. A comprehensive section is devoted to the impact of structural parameters like pore size, surface area, and functional groups on gas storage efficiency. The applications of MOFs in CO₂ capture, as well as hydrogen and methane storage, are critically assessed, highlighting material design strategies aimed at enhancing uptake and selectivity under ambient conditions. The review wraps up with future perspectives, concentrating on scaling up production, enhancing environmental stability, and incorporating MOFs into practical storage systems. This work seeks to direct researchers toward rational design and scalable implementation of MOFs for sustainable and efficient gas storage technologies.