Clinical Profile and Outcome of Heat-Stroke Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern Part of India.

Abstract

BackgroundHeat stroke represents a growing public health concern, exacerbated by rising temperatures and prolonged heat waves. This study examines the clinical profile, prognostic markers, and outcomes of heat stroke patients presenting to a tertiary care center in India and compares findings with previous global studies.ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical profile, prognostic markers, and outcomes of heat stroke patients presenting to a tertiary care center in India and to compare findings with previous global studies.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted between March to July 2024. Data on demographics, clinical parameters, laboratory values, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Primary outcomes were mortality and functional recovery. Statistical tests included chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsAmong 43 patients, the mean age was 57 years, and 67% were male. The overall mortality rate was 21%. Significant predictors of mortality included hypotension (SBP <100 mm Hg, p = 0.040), tachypnea (RR >20/min, p = 0.001), Glasgow Coma Scale score <9 (p < 0.001), elevated creatinine, and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) involving renal and CNS systems (p < 0.01). Middle-aged, active individuals were disproportionately affected due to occupational exposure to high ambient temperatures.ConclusionOur findings highlight key clinical and biochemical predictors of poor outcomes in heat stroke. Indian patients who are middle-aged individuals, possibly exposed due to outdoor occupations, may face greater exposure to high ambient temperatures.