Combined anti-inflammatory and laxative effect of mango kernels-based effervescent suppositories loaded with (multi)metallic nanoparticles synthesized using ash of plantain peels and gel of Aloe vera.

Abstract

The prolonged use of conventional steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as laxatives, often leads to severe adverse effects and toxicity, posing significant health risks. To address these challenges, we formulated a novel therapy based on (multi)metallic nanoparticles (MMNPs) green-synthesized from agricultural by-products, namely plantain peels (Musa paradisiaca) and Aloe vera gel. The MMNPs were characterized through UV-visible spectrophotometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and dynamic light scattering (DLS), revealing nanoparticle sizes between 250 and 400 nm. These MMNPs were incorporated into effervescent suppositories using Mangifera indica almond butter as a base to facilitate rectal administration and induce laxative effects in situ. The anti-inflammatory and laxative properties of the MMNPs were evaluated in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) used as animal model, in which inflammation and constipation were induced by formaldehyde and loperamide, respectively. Remarkably, at 60 min, the effervescent suppositories loaded with MMNPs and MMNPs enriched with ash demonstrated inhibition rates of 74.13% and 69.39%, respectively, for paw edema, outperforming the reference drug indomethacin, which showed an inhibition rate of 73.27%. Furthermore, the effervescent suppositories effectively triggered a laxative response, combating constipation with notable efficiency. This study demonstrates the potential of green-synthesized MMNPs derived from Musa paradisiaca peels and Aloe vera gel as a promising, eco-friendly therapeutic alternative for managing both inflammation and constipation, minimizing the risk of side effects associated with conventional treatments.