Immune and Vascular Function in Cardiometabolic Disorders: Interplay With Sex Differences and Impact on Incretin Therapy

IF 5.6 2区医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY

Acta Physiologica Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI:10.1111/apha.70091

Anirudh Subramanian Muralikrishnan, Valentina Biasin, Diana Zabini, Elena Osto

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Abstract

Background and Aims

Vascular dysfunction, driven by endothelial impairment, arterial stiffness, inflammation, and immune activation, contributes to cardiometabolic disorders such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Sex differences and sex hormones influence the progression of vascular and immune dysfunction. Incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), regulate glucose homeostasis and also impact vascular and immuno-metabolic health. This review examines their roles in these processes, with emphasis on sex-specific effects.

Methods

A narrative review of preclinical and clinical studies assessing GLP-1 and GIP actions on vascular function, immune regulation, and metabolism, and their modulation by sex and sex hormones.

Results

Incretins improve endothelial function, reduce vascular inflammation, and modulate immune-metabolic crosstalk, processes often impaired in cardiometabolic disease. Sex differences affect incretin secretion, signalling, and therapeutic responses, though underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Conclusions

Incretin hormones are promising targets for improving vascular and immune-metabolic health in cardiometabolic disorders. Understanding sex-specific mechanisms will be essential for optimizing incretin-based therapies.

Abstract Image

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心血管代谢疾病的免疫和血管功能：与性别差异的相互作用和对肠促胰岛素治疗的影响

背景和目的血管功能障碍是由内皮损伤、动脉僵硬、炎症和免疫激活引起的，可导致高血压和动脉粥样硬化等心血管代谢紊乱。性别差异和性激素影响血管和免疫功能障碍的进展。肠促胰岛素激素，包括胰高血糖素样肽-1 （GLP-1）和葡萄糖依赖的促胰岛素多肽（GIP），调节葡萄糖稳态，也影响血管和免疫代谢健康。本文审查了它们在这些过程中的作用，重点是性别特异性影响。方法回顾GLP-1和GIP对血管功能、免疫调节和代谢的作用及其受性激素和性激素调节的临床前和临床研究。结果肠促胰岛素改善内皮功能，减少血管炎症，调节免疫代谢串扰，这一过程在心脏代谢疾病中经常受损。性别差异影响肠促胰岛素分泌、信号传导和治疗反应，尽管潜在的机制尚不清楚。结论肠促胰岛素激素是改善心血管代谢疾病患者血管和免疫代谢健康的有希望的靶点。了解性别特异性机制对于优化基于肠促胰岛素的治疗至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Acta Physiologica 医学-生理学

CiteScore

11.80

自引率

15.90%

发文量

182

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Acta Physiologica is an important forum for the publication of high quality original research in physiology and related areas by authors from all over the world. Acta Physiologica is a leading journal in human/translational physiology while promoting all aspects of the science of physiology. The journal publishes full length original articles on important new observations as well as reviews and commentaries.