Patent Foramen Ovale Closure in Older Patients With Cryptogenic Stroke: Current Evidence and Next Steps

Abstract

Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with recurrence risk increasing with age. In patients over 60 years of age with cryptogenic stroke, paradoxical embolism through a patent foramen ovale may be an important pathophysiology contributor, particularly when high-risk anatomical features (e.g., large shunt, atrial septal aneurysm) are present. Although patent foramen ovale closure has become a standard therapy in younger cryptogenic stroke patients, its benefit in older adults remains uncertain due to limited evidence and the need to exclude highly prevalent alternative causes like atrial fibrillation or carotid disease. A multidisciplinary heart-brain team is critical for accurate diagnosis, patient selection, and shared decision-making. Current guidelines vary and highlight the need for more robust data in this population. Recent observational studies suggest that patent foramen ovale closure in older patients may be safe and potentially reduce stroke recurrence compared to antithrombotic therapy alone. Ongoing randomized controlled trials are expected to provide definitive evidence on the efficacy and safety of patent foramen ovale closure in this age group, guiding future clinical decisions.