Preliminary Efficacy of Face-to-Face, Telerehabilitation, and Home Program-Based Task-Oriented Circuit Training on the Cognitive and Motor Functions of Older Adults: A Single-Blind Randomized Feasibility Study.
{"title":"Preliminary Efficacy of Face-to-Face, Telerehabilitation, and Home Program-Based Task-Oriented Circuit Training on the Cognitive and Motor Functions of Older Adults: A Single-Blind Randomized Feasibility Study.","authors":"Ceyhun Turkmen, Aysenur Karakus, Seyma Yilmaz, Feyza Sengül, Ilkem Ceren Sigirtmac","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2025.051237","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Task-oriented circuit training (TOCT) is a structured intervention to enhance older adults' cognitive and motor functions. However, the feasibility and effectiveness of TOCT delivered through face-to-face, telerehabilitation, and home-based methods remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of TOCT delivered through different modalities on cognitive and motor functions in older adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A randomized feasibility study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A state-operated skilled nursing facility in Turkey that provides daily-living assistance with on-site medical coverage for emergencies.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Fifty-four older adults (ages ≥65 yr). Inclusion criteria included Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores >18. Adults with moderate or severe impairment (MMSE scores ≤18) were excluded.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Participants were randomly assigned to face-to-face, telerehabilitation, or home-based TOCT. They engaged in structured TOCT activities to improve joint protection, memory, attention, and fine motor skills. Sessions were delivered for 60 min daily for 2 wk. Pre- and postintervention assessments were conducted.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>Assessments included the MMSE, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Nine-Hole Peg Test, and subscales of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Face-to-face TOCT showed the greatest cognitive improvements (MMSE: d = 1.52), whereas telerehabilitation improved energy and vitality levels (d = 0.91) and social functioning (d = 1.41). Home-based training showed the smallest improvements overall.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>TOCT through face-to-face and telerehabilitation methods effectively improved cognitive and motor functions. Face-to-face training yielded the greatest cognitive benefits, whereas telerehabilitation enhanced quality of life. Home-based interventions had limited impact. Future research should explore long-term outcomes and refine home-based programs. Plain-Language Summary: As people age, cognitive and motor skills decline, making daily activities harder. This study examined task-oriented circuit training, a structured program delivered through face-to-face, telerehabilitation, and home-based methods. Face-to-face training showed the greatest cognitive improvements, whereas telerehabilitation enhanced energy and vitality levels and social participation. Home-based programs had minimal benefits. These findings support remote task-oriented circuit training as a viable option, although further research is needed to improve home-based interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"79 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2025.051237","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"REHABILITATION","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Importance: Task-oriented circuit training (TOCT) is a structured intervention to enhance older adults' cognitive and motor functions. However, the feasibility and effectiveness of TOCT delivered through face-to-face, telerehabilitation, and home-based methods remain unclear.
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of TOCT delivered through different modalities on cognitive and motor functions in older adults.
Design: A randomized feasibility study.
Setting: A state-operated skilled nursing facility in Turkey that provides daily-living assistance with on-site medical coverage for emergencies.
Participants: Fifty-four older adults (ages ≥65 yr). Inclusion criteria included Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores >18. Adults with moderate or severe impairment (MMSE scores ≤18) were excluded.
Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to face-to-face, telerehabilitation, or home-based TOCT. They engaged in structured TOCT activities to improve joint protection, memory, attention, and fine motor skills. Sessions were delivered for 60 min daily for 2 wk. Pre- and postintervention assessments were conducted.
Outcomes and measures: Assessments included the MMSE, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Nine-Hole Peg Test, and subscales of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.
Results: Face-to-face TOCT showed the greatest cognitive improvements (MMSE: d = 1.52), whereas telerehabilitation improved energy and vitality levels (d = 0.91) and social functioning (d = 1.41). Home-based training showed the smallest improvements overall.
Conclusions and relevance: TOCT through face-to-face and telerehabilitation methods effectively improved cognitive and motor functions. Face-to-face training yielded the greatest cognitive benefits, whereas telerehabilitation enhanced quality of life. Home-based interventions had limited impact. Future research should explore long-term outcomes and refine home-based programs. Plain-Language Summary: As people age, cognitive and motor skills decline, making daily activities harder. This study examined task-oriented circuit training, a structured program delivered through face-to-face, telerehabilitation, and home-based methods. Face-to-face training showed the greatest cognitive improvements, whereas telerehabilitation enhanced energy and vitality levels and social participation. Home-based programs had minimal benefits. These findings support remote task-oriented circuit training as a viable option, although further research is needed to improve home-based interventions.
期刊介绍：
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) is an official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc. and is published 6 times per year. This peer reviewed journal focuses on research, practice, and health care issues in the field of occupational therapy. AOTA members receive 6 issues of AJOT per year and have online access to archived abstracts and full-text articles. Nonmembers may view abstracts online but must purchase full-text articles.
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