Estimated density of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto-infected Ixodes scapularis nymphs in the eastern United States.

IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY
Karen M Holcomb, Erik Foster, Sarah E Maes, Christina M Parise, Lynn M Osikowicz, Andrias Hojgaard, Rebecca J Eisen
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Most vector-borne disease cases reported in the United States are caused by pathogens spread by blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis. Of these, a majority are Lyme disease cases caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.). Because most human infections are associated with nymphal tick bites, the density of host-seeking B. burgdorferi s.s.-infected I. scapularis nymphs (DIN) is often used to estimate risk of Lyme disease cases. DIN combines estimates of nymphal infection prevalence with estimates of densities of host-seeking nymphs, making it a costly metric to obtain through tick surveillance. Thus, field-derived estimates of DIN are limited.

Methods: To fill these gaps, we sought to estimate DIN across all counties in the eastern United States. We first estimated B. burgdorferi s.s. prevalence in host-seeking I. scapularis nymphs using generalized additive models and historical tick surveillance data reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's ArboNET database (2004-2023). We then combined prevalence estimates with previously estimated densities of host-seeking nymphs to estimate DIN. We validated these model-based estimates against data reported to ArboNET: field-derived county estimates of prevalence and DIN as well as county records of B. burgdorferi s.s. presence and collection of host-seeking nymphs.

Results: We estimated higher average nymphal prevalence (20-30%) in the Upper Midwest and Northeast and lower prevalence (0-5%) throughout the Southeast. Categorizing estimated DIN as minimal or elevated, we identified areas in the Upper Midwest and Northeast as elevated, with the majority of the Southeast and Great Plains as minimal risk.

Conclusions: Our resulting risk map can be used to raise awareness of Lyme disease in communities at elevated risk and aid in the promotion of tick-bite prevention practices.

美国东部感染狭义伯氏疏螺旋体的肩胛骨伊蚊若虫的估计密度。
背景:在美国报告的大多数媒介传播疾病病例是由黑腿蜱,肩胛骨蜱传播的病原体引起的。其中,大多数是由狭义伯氏疏螺旋体引起的莱姆病病例(s.s)。由于大多数人类感染与蜱虫若虫叮咬有关,寻找寄主的伯氏疏螺旋体感染的肩胛骨蜱若虫(DIN)的密度通常用于估计莱姆病病例的风险。DIN结合了对若虫感染流行率的估计和对寻找寄主若虫密度的估计,使其成为通过蜱监测获得的昂贵指标。因此,现场导出的DIN估计是有限的。方法:为了填补这些空白,我们试图估计美国东部所有县的DIN。我们首先使用广义加性模型和报告给美国疾病控制与预防中心ArboNET数据库的历史蜱虫监测数据(2004-2023年)估计了伯氏疏螺旋体在寻找宿主的棘孔虫中的流行率。然后,我们将患病率估计与先前估计的寻找寄主若虫密度相结合来估计DIN。我们根据报告给ArboNET的数据验证了这些基于模型的估计:实地得出的县患病率和DIN估计,以及伯氏疏螺旋体存在和寻找寄主若虫收集的县记录。结果:我们估计中西部北部和东北部的平均若虫患病率较高(20-30%),而整个东南部的患病率较低(0-5%)。我们将估计的DIN分类为最低或最高,并确定中西部上部和东北部地区为最高,东南部和大平原的大部分地区为最低风险。结论:我们的风险图可用于提高高危社区对莱姆病的认识,并有助于促进预防蜱叮咬的做法。
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来源期刊
Parasites & Vectors
Parasites & Vectors 医学-寄生虫学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
9.40%
发文量
433
审稿时长
1.4 months
期刊介绍: Parasites & Vectors is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal dealing with the biology of parasites, parasitic diseases, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens. Manuscripts published in this journal will be available to all worldwide, with no barriers to access, immediately following acceptance. However, authors retain the copyright of their material and may use it, or distribute it, as they wish. Manuscripts on all aspects of the basic and applied biology of parasites, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens will be considered. In addition to the traditional and well-established areas of science in these fields, we also aim to provide a vehicle for publication of the rapidly developing resources and technology in parasite, intermediate host and vector genomics and their impacts on biological research. We are able to publish large datasets and extensive results, frequently associated with genomic and post-genomic technologies, which are not readily accommodated in traditional journals. Manuscripts addressing broader issues, for example economics, social sciences and global climate change in relation to parasites, vectors and disease control, are also welcomed.
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