Disorders of gut-brain interaction in children: what is new.

Abstract

Purpose of review: This review summarizes and expands upon studies published since late 2023 regarding predisposing factors, diagnostic measures, and both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies in the management of pediatric disorder of gut-brain interactions (DGBIs). With up to 30% of children affected by DGBIs, recent advances in diagnostics, therapeutics, and psychosocial insights continue to improve their clinical outcomes.

Recent findings: Recent literature underscores multifactorial contributors to DGBIs, including in utero SSRI exposure and adverse childhood experiences, as well as the potential benefit of gastric motility studies such as dual-phase gastric emptying and water load testing. Furthermore, this article describes advancements in the treatment of pediatric patients with DGBIs including pharmacologic treatments like linaclotide for pediatric functional constipation and nonpharmacologic therapies like percutaneous nerve field stimulation, cognitive behavioral therapy, and parent-focused interventions for many DGBI conditions.

Summary: The most recent literature regarding pediatric DGBIs has newly identified in utero SSRI exposures in addition to psychosocial dynamics as risk factors for the conditions. Current literature supports the need for a multimodal approach to the treatment of pediatric DGBIs by integrating pharmacologic, behavioral, and neuromodulation. Further studies and expanded FDA approvals could further refine effective strategies for pediatric DGBIs.