Role of NTRK Fusion Genes in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment of HPV (+/−) Cervical Cancer

Abstract

Cervical cancer, a prevalent gynecological malignancy, is primarily associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, some cases display distinct molecular alterations beyond HPV, significantly impacting the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and posing therapeutic challenges. Among these molecular changes, NTRK gene fusions have emerged as critical drivers of tumor progression, invasiveness, and poor prognosis. This review highlights the role of NTRK fusions in cervical cancer oncogenesis, examining their effects on cellular signaling pathways and their interplay with HPV status in shaping TIME. The relationship between HPV infection and NTRK fusions is explored, revealing their combined influence on disease progression. Additionally, the potential of NTRK-targeted therapies in precision oncology is discussed, emphasizing their promise as treatment options for cervical cancer. By addressing the molecular, immune, and clinical complexities of cervical cancer, this review provides valuable insights into advancing research and therapeutic strategies.