Prehistoric Oral Hygiene: Solution to the Sweet–Sour Paradox

Abstract

This study explores human enamel erosion to improve oral hygiene strategies. In 2020, UK households spent approximately 1.5 billion British pounds on dental services. Consuming sugary foods fosters bacterial plaque, creating an acidic milieu that attacks enamel. Here, dentists recommend brushing immediately. However, acidic foods and beverages reduce enamel hardness almost instantly. For this case, dentists recommend to wait 30 min before brushing. A paradox which justifies the question: What is the optimal oral hygiene routine for simultaneous ingestion of food containing sugar and acidic beverages? Using in-liquid nanoindentation and scanning electron microscopy, we investigated enamel erosion under different acidic milieus. Inspired by a Nature article on the discovery of enamel micropores, largely overlooked in dental research, we identified these structures as primary targets of erosion. Coupled with insights from biomimetic practices, we propose an innovative oral hygiene solution. We developed a model toothbrush enabling immediate postmeal use, featuring soft, hollow bristles filled with antibacterial agents like thymol. Regarding the efficiency in removing deposits that harbor bacteria this novel approach surpasses mouthwash–toothpaste combinations. Thus, we provide the first practical solution to the “sweet and sour” paradox, potentially reducing dental care costs and enhancing dental health outcomes.