Phytic acid and CaCl2 co-treated rice straw fibers/unsaturated polyester composites with excellent flame retardant, water resistant and dimensional stability properties

IF 4.8 2区工程技术 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD

Cellulose Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI:10.1007/s10570-025-06655-z

Feiyang Zhao, Huijuan Liu, Yilin Jin, Hongfu Ru, Longfei Wang, Shuangfei Xiang, Hao Li, Shujun Zhao, Feiya Fu, Ing. Duncan Camilleri, Xiangdong Liu

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Abstract

The application range of rice straw (RS) is limited by its poor flame and water resistance. It’s still a great challenge to endow RS fibers with excellent flame and water resistance properties without compromising the intrinsic mechanical properties. Here, a simple surface treatment strategy of RS fibers via co-treatment with phytic acid (PA) and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) was developed. First, PA was grafted onto RS fibers by esterification reaction. Then RS fibers were ionically crosslinked by CaCl₂ treatment. Modified RS fibers (PCRS) were then mixed with unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) to produce PCRS/UPR composites (PCRU). Benefiting from Ca²⁺ complexes via the ionic crosslinking between Ca²⁺ and –P (=O)–OH of the PA, –OH of the RS fibers, PCRU demonstrates enhanced tensile strength (12.04 MPa), good waterproofing capability, and flame-retardant performance. PCRU exhibites low water absorption rate (5.90%) and dimensional stability (thickness deformation less than 1.76%) after 168 h of water immersion. In addition, the limiting oxygen index and the total heat release of the prepared PCRU composites are 29.7 and 11.3 kJ/g, which reach the standard for flame retardant materials. Therefore, this study provides a simple and green pretreatment strategy of rice straw fiber for the applications in flame retardant, low water absorption, and dimensionally stable composites.

Graphical Abstract

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植酸和CaCl2共处理稻草纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料具有优异的阻燃、耐水性和尺寸稳定性

稻秆（RS）的阻燃性和耐水性差，限制了其应用范围。如何在不影响RS纤维固有力学性能的前提下赋予其优异的阻燃性和耐水性仍然是一个巨大的挑战。本文研究了植酸（PA）和氯化钙（CaCl2）共处理RS纤维的简单表面处理策略。首先，通过酯化反应将PA接枝到RS纤维上。然后用CaCl2处理RS纤维进行离子交联。然后将改性RS纤维（PCRS）与不饱和聚酯树脂（UPR）混合制备PCRS/UPR复合材料（PCRU）。通过Ca2+与PA和RS纤维的-P (=O) -OH的离子交联，PCRU的抗拉强度提高了12.04 MPa，具有良好的防水和阻燃性能。浸水168 h后，PCRU具有较低的吸水率（5.90%）和尺寸稳定性（厚度变形小于1.76%）。制备的PCRU复合材料的极限氧指数和总放热量分别为29.7和11.3 kJ/g，达到阻燃材料标准。因此，本研究为稻草纤维在阻燃、低吸水、尺寸稳定复合材料中的应用提供了一种简单、绿色的预处理策略。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Cellulose 工程技术-材料科学：纺织

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.50%

发文量

580

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Cellulose is an international journal devoted to the dissemination of research and scientific and technological progress in the field of cellulose and related naturally occurring polymers. The journal is concerned with the pure and applied science of cellulose and related materials, and also with the development of relevant new technologies. This includes the chemistry, biochemistry, physics and materials science of cellulose and its sources, including wood and other biomass resources, and their derivatives. Coverage extends to the conversion of these polymers and resources into manufactured goods, such as pulp, paper, textiles, and manufactured as well natural fibers, and to the chemistry of materials used in their processing. Cellulose publishes review articles, research papers, and technical notes.