Quantification and geological implications of manganese, barium, and copper observed by MarSCoDe LIBS at Zhurong landing site on Mars

IF 3 2区物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Icarus Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI:10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116781

Yuxuan Luo , Zhaopeng Chen , Jianjun Liu , Yizhong Zhang , Jingjing Zhang , Zhibin Li , Xin Ren , Xiangfeng Liu , Zhenqiang Zhang , Weiming Xu , Guolin Hu , Shaojin Han , Rong Shu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The Mars Surface Composition Detector (MarSCoDe) onboard the Zhurong rover, China's first Mars rover, includes a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument that enables quantitative analysis of Martian surface elemental composition. We developed quantitative models for manganese (Mn), barium (Ba), and copper (Cu) using respective lab datasets. The optimal model for each element is selected from combinations of various multivariate regression algorithms and feature extractions. Additionally, the model's accuracy and behaviors on the onboard MarSCoDe Calibration Targets (MCCTs) were evaluated. We obtained Mn, Ba, and Cu concentrations for 36 Martian targets detected by MarSCoDe LIBS during the first 300 sols (Martian days). For MarSCoDe rock targets, Mn is primarily associated with Fe, with olivines and pyroxenes being the main source of Mn; however, the overall contents of Ba and Cu are low in MarSCoDe rock targets, and their host minerals remain unclear. Based on the current results, MarSCoDe rocks should be primarily composed of igneous minerals, with minimal alteration preserving their original composition. Additionally, an Fe-Al-Mn-bearing phase was observed in a dune target, potentially clay minerals, suggesting that external inputs may have influenced the dune's composition. This work provides new evidence for the elemental and mineral composition as well as the potential geological processes of the Zhurong landing site.

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火星探测器在朱荣着陆点观测到的锰、钡和铜的定量分析及其地质意义

中国首个火星探测器朱戎火星车上的火星表面成分探测器（MarSCoDe）包括一个激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）仪器，可以对火星表面元素组成进行定量分析。我们利用各自的实验室数据集开发了锰（Mn）、钡（Ba）和铜（Cu）的定量模型。将各种多元回归算法和特征提取相结合，选择每个元素的最优模型。此外，还评估了该模型在星载marsccode校准目标（mcct）上的精度和性能。我们获得了前300个sol（火星日）期间，由marsccode LIBS检测到的36个火星目标的Mn、Ba和Cu浓度。在marsccode靶岩中，Mn主要与Fe伴生，橄榄石和辉石是Mn的主要来源；然而，在marsccode靶岩中Ba和Cu的总体含量较低，其寄主矿物尚不清楚。根据目前的结果，火星代码岩石应该主要由火成岩矿物组成，最小的变化保留了它们的原始成分。此外，在沙丘目标中观察到含fe - al - mn相，可能是粘土矿物，这表明外部输入可能影响了沙丘的组成。这项工作为朱荣登陆点的元素和矿物组成以及潜在的地质过程提供了新的证据。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Icarus 地学天文-天文与天体物理

CiteScore

6.30

自引率

18.80%

发文量

356

审稿时长

2-4 weeks

期刊介绍： Icarus is devoted to the publication of original contributions in the field of Solar System studies. Manuscripts reporting the results of new research - observational, experimental, or theoretical - concerning the astronomy, geology, meteorology, physics, chemistry, biology, and other scientific aspects of our Solar System or extrasolar systems are welcome. The journal generally does not publish papers devoted exclusively to the Sun, the Earth, celestial mechanics, meteoritics, or astrophysics. Icarus does not publish papers that provide "improved" versions of Bode''s law, or other numerical relations, without a sound physical basis. Icarus does not publish meeting announcements or general notices. Reviews, historical papers, and manuscripts describing spacecraft instrumentation may be considered, but only with prior approval of the editor. An entire issue of the journal is occasionally devoted to a single subject, usually arising from a conference on the same topic. The language of publication is English. American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these.