Infrared Extended Uncertainty Principle corrections and quintessence-induced topology of Reissner–Nordström AdS black holes

Abstract

We present a unified topological and geometric analysis of charged Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes immersed in a quintessence field, incorporating infrared gravitational corrections arising from the Extended Uncertainty Principle (EUP). The latter modifies the standard Heisenberg uncertainty relation by introducing a minimal momentum/maximal length scale, which effectively captures long-wavelength quantum gravitational effects relevant to black hole thermodynamics in curved spacetimes. We derive analytic expressions for the corrected Hawking temperature, entropy and heat capacity in terms of the EUP deformation parameter. Furthermore, the inclusion of quintessence, characterized by barotropic indices ${\omega }_q=-\frac{2}{3}$ and ${\omega }_q=-\frac{1}{3}$, modifies the black hole metric function. By studying the relaxation-time function $\tau \left(r_h\right)$, we identify a number of inflection points that depends sensitively on the equation of state parameter of quintessence, indicating a nontrivial impact of the latter on the black hole phase structure. Applying Duan’s topological current method to the off-shell free energy, we compute integer-valued winding numbers associated with each thermodynamic critical point. A parallel topological analysis of the photon sphere assigns charges $\pm 1$ to individual light rings, showing that quintessence effects can trigger the splitting or merging of photon spheres, while preserving the total exterior topological charge of $-1$.