Integrating plant-derived exudates into bio-based materials as a promising advancement in wound care technology: An in-depth review

Abstract

Wound healing represents a multifaceted biological process characterized by a series of coordinated events that aim to restore the integrity and functionality of tissues following an injury. This complex mechanism can be significantly improved through the application of advanced materials that enhance and optimize the healing environment. Plant exudates, which consist of complex mixtures of organic compounds released by plants in response to environmental stressors or physical injury, include resins, gums, saps, and essential oils, each possessing unique chemical compositions and biological activities. The role of plant exudates in wound healing has gained considerable attention due to their established antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. These attributes are essential for preventing infections and alleviating inflammation, both of which are critical for successful wound healing. Moreover, plant exudates contribute significantly to the stimulation of collagen synthesis. The advent of modern wound dressings has revolutionized traditional wound care practices, enabling more effective and targeted therapeutic interventions. The precise delivery of bioactive compounds from plant exudates to wound sites shows potential for enhancing the healing process. This review will provide a comprehensive analysis of the healing capabilities of these exudates when incorporated into innovative wound dressings, with a focus on their efficacy in fighting pathogens, reducing inflammation, promoting tissue regeneration, and accelerating wound healing. Additionally, advancements in the incorporation of plant exudates into modern drug delivery systems, such as gels, creams, ointments, and advanced wound dressings, will be discussed, highlighting their ability to provide sustained therapeutic effects.