Synergistic enhancement of thermal-oxidative stability and DC electrical properties in impact polypropylene copolymer via maleimide-functionalized antioxidant grafting

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2025-08-17 DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111610

Kai Wang, Jiaming Yang, Xindong Zhao, Xu Yang, Chengcheng Zhang, Xuan Wang, Hong Zhao

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Grafting modification represents a critical method for augmenting the electrical properties of polypropylene (PP), as an insulating material in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables. Additionally, the aging performance requires further enhancement since cables are the power equipment that operates over the long term. Grafting antioxidants that contain charge trapping functional groups has the potential to enhance both the electrical and aging properties simultaneously. Nevertheless, direct grafting remains a formidable challenge due to the low grafting reactivity of antioxidants and the high susceptibility to degradation of PP. Drawing inspiration from click chemistry, this paper selects PP grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH) as the reaction platform. N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (AD) is covalently attached to the MAH side groups through the maleimide-functionalized reaction. This results in forming a functionalized material, PP-g-(MAH-co-AD). Compared with PP and PP-g-MAH blended with traditional antioxidants, PP-g-(MAH-co-AD)s demonstrate enhanced thermo-oxidative aging resistance and more remarkable improvement in DC electrical properties. Before and after aging, it sustains a robust suppression of space charge and conduction current. Moreover, it displays a lower decline rate in DC breakdown strength and reveals a substantial reduction in the sensitivity of conductivity to temperature. The observed improvement can be ascribed to the (MAH-co-AD) groups. These groups introduce not only electron deep traps but also hole deep traps and maintain localized deep traps even after aging. In summary, compared with cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) and PP modified by molecular grafting with single functional properties, the functionalized PP demonstrates superior aging resistance and more pronounced enhancement of electrical properties.

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马来酰亚胺功能化抗氧化接枝对冲击聚丙烯共聚物热氧化稳定性和直流电性能的协同增强

接枝改性是提高高压直流电缆绝缘材料聚丙烯（PP）电性能的一种重要方法。此外，由于电缆是长期运行的电力设备，因此老化性能需要进一步提高。含有电荷捕获官能团的接枝抗氧化剂有可能同时提高电学性能和老化性能。然而，由于抗氧化剂的接枝反应活性较低，PP的降解敏感性高，直接接枝仍然是一个艰巨的挑战。受点击化学的启发，本文选择聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐（PP-g- mah）作为反应平台。n -苯基-对苯二胺（AD）通过马来酰亚胺官能化反应共价附着在MAH侧基上。这就形成了一种功能化材料PP-g-(MAH-co-AD)。与PP和PP-g- mah共混的传统抗氧剂相比，PP-g-(MAH-co-AD)s具有更强的抗热氧化老化性能和更显著的直流电性能改善。在老化前后，对空间电荷和传导电流均有较强的抑制作用。此外，它显示出较低的直流击穿强度下降率，并显示出电导率对温度的敏感性大幅降低。观察到的改善可归因于（MAH-co-AD）组。这些组不仅引入了电子深阱，还引入了空穴深阱，并在老化后仍保持局部深阱。综上所述，与具有单一功能特性的交联聚乙烯（XLPE）和分子接枝改性PP相比，功能化PP具有更强的耐老化性能和更明显的电性能增强。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Polymer Degradation and Stability 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.20%

发文量

325

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology. Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal. However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.