Design of flexible cardanol-derived poly (benzoxazines) for advanced coatings: Superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, oil–water separation and corrosion resistance

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106428

Janapriya Mathimani , Latha Govindraj , Devaraju Subramani , Kumaravel Ammasai , Alagar Muthukaruppan

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Abstract

In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop flexible, partially bio-based polybenzoxazine matrices with superhydrophobic behaviour for improved oil-water separation, self-cleaning and anti-corrosive properties. A new type of card-bisphenol (COBP) has been synthesized using cardanol and octanaldehyde as eco-friendly, natural precursors to substitute fossil-based materials to maintain environmental sustainability. Four distinct benzoxazines (COBP-oa, COBP-dda, COBP-oda, and COBP-fa) were synthesized using COBP and different types of amines viz., octylamine (oa), dodecylamine (dda), octadecyl amine (oda) and furfurylamine (fa) with paraformaldehyde through Mannich condensation reaction. The non-polar nature of these long aliphatic chains present in the benzoxazine molecules contributes to an enhanced superhydrophobic behaviour. Structural characterization of the synthesized monomers was confirmed through FT-IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopic analyses. DSC analysis infers that the curing temperature of benzoxazine monomers is increased with increasing the aliphatic chain length. Data from TGA ascertain that the poly (COBP-fa) exhibited the highest thermal stability and char residue, among the synthesized polybenzoxazines (PBZs). The COBP-oda possesses a higher value of water contact angle of 155° which in turn contributes to superhydrophobic behaviour. The superhydrophobic behaviour also contributes to superior corrosion resistance, with an inhibition efficiency of 95.87 %. Further, it was also observed that the PBZ-coated cotton fabric achieved an oil-water separation efficiency of >90 %. The oil-absorption properties of the PBZ-modified foams showed 96–99 % oil absorption efficiency. Data obtained from different studies ascertain the versatility of the developed materials and suggest their utility towards high-performance coating applications, under adverse environmental conditions.

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用于高级涂料的柔性腰果酚衍生聚苯并恶嗪的设计：超疏水、自清洁、油水分离和耐腐蚀

在目前的工作中，已经尝试开发具有超疏水行为的柔性，部分生物基聚苯并恶嗪基质，以改善油水分离，自清洁和防腐性能。一种新型的卡双酚（COBP）是用腰果酚和辛烷醛作为生态友好的天然前体合成的，可以替代化石基材料，以保持环境的可持续性。以COBP和不同类型的胺(辛基胺（oa）、十二烷基胺（dda）、十八烷基胺（oda）和糠胺（fa）与多聚甲醛通过曼尼希缩合反应合成了四种不同的苯并杂嗪（COBP-oa、COBP-dda、COBP-oda和COBP-fa）。苯并恶嗪分子中存在的这些长脂肪链的非极性性质有助于增强超疏水行为。通过FT-IR和1H NMR对合成的单体进行了结构表征。DSC分析表明，苯并恶嗪单体的固化温度随着脂肪链长度的增加而升高。热重分析结果表明，在合成的聚苯并恶嗪（PBZs）中，聚（COBP-fa）具有最高的热稳定性和焦渣残留。COBP-oda具有较高的155°的水接触角值，这反过来又有助于超疏水行为。超疏水行为也有助于提高耐腐蚀性能，缓蚀效率为95.87%。此外，还观察到pbz涂层棉织物的油水分离效率为90%。pbz改性泡沫的吸油率为96 ~ 99%。从不同研究中获得的数据确定了所开发材料的多功能性，并建议它们在恶劣环境条件下用于高性能涂层应用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Reactive & Functional Polymers 工程技术-高分子科学

CiteScore

8.90

自引率

5.90%

发文量

259

审稿时长

27 days

期刊介绍： Reactive & Functional Polymers provides a forum to disseminate original ideas, concepts and developments in the science and technology of polymers with functional groups, which impart specific chemical reactivity or physical, chemical, structural, biological, and pharmacological functionality. The scope covers organic polymers, acting for instance as reagents, catalysts, templates, ion-exchangers, selective sorbents, chelating or antimicrobial agents, drug carriers, sensors, membranes, and hydrogels. This also includes reactive cross-linkable prepolymers and high-performance thermosetting polymers, natural or degradable polymers, conducting polymers, and porous polymers. Original research articles must contain thorough molecular and material characterization data on synthesis of the above polymers in combination with their applications. Applications include but are not limited to catalysis, water or effluent treatment, separations and recovery, electronics and information storage, energy conversion, encapsulation, or adhesion.