How do hypoglycaemias affect the everyday life of people with diabetes and are they able to treat them adequately?

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Diabetic Medicine Pub Date : 2025-08-16 DOI:10.1111/dme.70121

Nicolle Müller, Christiane Kellner, Sebastian Schmidt, Nadine Kuniß, Gunter Wolf, Christof Kloos

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aims

To investigate whether people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes respond adequately to hypoglycaemia symptoms after participating in a treatment and teaching programme. Additionally, it explored how hypoglycaemia impacts patients' everyday life and the differences between individuals with and without impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH).

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 340 adult participant with type 1 (n = 156) or type 2 diabetes (n = 184) undergoing insulin therapy at the University Hospital Jena. Participants completed validated questionnaires and participated in structured interviews about hypoglycaemia. Awareness of hypoglycaemia was measured using the Gold Score, and diabetes distress with the PAID Scale (PAID Score 0–100, the higher the score the higher the distress).

Results

23.8% of the participants treated hypoglycaemia adequately (type 1 diabetes 27.6% vs. type 2 diabetes 24.7%; p = 0.606). Significantly more people without IAH-treated hypoglycaemia adequately in type 2 (27.9% vs. 10.3%; p = 0.047) but not in type 1 diabetes (28.6% vs. 23.1%; p = 0.568). Hypoglycaemia altered daily routines for 26.2% of participants, particularly those with type 1 diabetes (type 1 diabetes 37.3% vs. type 2 diabetes 20.1%; p = 0.001). People with type 1 and type 2 diabetes reporting changes in daily routines had higher diabetes distress scores (PAID: 22.3 ± 16.0 vs. 13.8 ± 13.5; p < 0.001). Fear of hypoglycaemia was associated with higher HbA_1c values due to people accepting elevated blood glucose levels.

Conclusions

Despite education programmes, the majority of participants do not treat hypoglycaemia adequately. Hypoglycaemic events significantly impact daily life and are associated with increased diabetes-related distress, especially in those with IAH.

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低血糖是如何影响糖尿病患者的日常生活的，他们是否能够适当地治疗他们？

目的：调查1型和2型糖尿病患者在参加治疗和教学计划后是否对低血糖症状有充分的反应。此外，该研究还探讨了低血糖如何影响患者的日常生活，以及有和没有低血糖意识受损（IAH）的个体之间的差异。方法：这项横断面研究包括340名在耶拿大学医院接受胰岛素治疗的1型（n = 156）或2型糖尿病患者（n = 184）。参与者完成了有效的问卷调查，并参加了关于低血糖的结构化访谈。低血糖意识采用黄金评分法，糖尿病痛苦程度采用PAID评分法（PAID评分0-100，得分越高，痛苦程度越高）。结果：23.8%的参与者充分治疗了低血糖(1型糖尿病27.6% vs. 2型糖尿病24.7%；p = 0.606)。在2型糖尿病患者中，没有iah治疗的低血糖患者明显更多(27.9% vs. 10.3%；P = 0.047)，但在1型糖尿病中没有(28.6% vs. 23.1%；p = 0.568)。低血糖改变了26.2%的参与者的日常生活，特别是1型糖尿病患者(1型糖尿病37.3% vs. 2型糖尿病20.1%；p = 0.001)。报告日常生活改变的1型和2型糖尿病患者糖尿病窘迫评分较高(PAID: 22.3±16.0比13.8±13.5；由于接受血糖水平升高而导致的p1c值。结论：尽管有教育计划，大多数参与者没有充分治疗低血糖。低血糖事件显著影响日常生活，并与糖尿病相关的痛苦增加有关，特别是在IAH患者中。

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来源期刊

Diabetic Medicine 医学-内分泌学与代谢

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

5.70%

发文量

229

审稿时长

3-6 weeks

期刊介绍： Diabetic Medicine, the official journal of Diabetes UK, is published monthly simultaneously, in print and online editions. The journal publishes a range of key information on all clinical aspects of diabetes mellitus, ranging from human genetic studies through clinical physiology and trials to diabetes epidemiology. We do not publish original animal or cell culture studies unless they are part of a study of clinical diabetes involving humans. Categories of publication include research articles, reviews, editorials, commentaries, and correspondence. All material is peer-reviewed. We aim to disseminate knowledge about diabetes research with the goal of improving the management of people with diabetes. The journal therefore seeks to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas between clinicians and researchers worldwide. Topics covered are of importance to all healthcare professionals working with people with diabetes, whether in primary care or specialist services. Surplus generated from the sale of Diabetic Medicine is used by Diabetes UK to know diabetes better and fight diabetes more effectively on behalf of all people affected by and at risk of diabetes as well as their families and carers.”