Cognitive, psychological, and pharmacological correlates of susceptibility to (mis)information: Why we believe and how we resist

IF 7.9 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106339

Rafal Rygula, Michal Piksa, Agata Cieslik-Starkiewicz

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Misinformation is not a new challenge, but in the digital age, it spreads faster and reaches further than ever before, engaging a complex interplay of cognitive, psychological, and neurobiological mechanisms. This review explores how cognitive factors, personality traits, and environmental influences shape the way people engage with information. It is a narrative review that synthesizes the authors’ previously published empirical work, extended and contextualized in light of relevant findings from the broader literature. Consequently, we present an emerging four-phenotype model of misinformation susceptibility (Consumers, Doubters, Knowers, Duffers), highlighting distinct cognitive, psychological and behavioral profiles. Beyond cognition and psychology, we describe the neurobiological underpinnings of misinformation engagement, including recent findings that serotonergic modulation via selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can influence digital behavior without impairing truth discernment. We also evaluate strategies designed to counter misinformation, from cognitive debiasing techniques to interventions that reshape online environments. Finally, we propose future research directions, integrating psychiatry, neuroscience, and behavioral sciences to refine misinformation resistance strategies and explore its potential classification as a psychiatric phenomenon.

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对（错误）信息的易感性的认知、心理和药理学相关：我们为什么相信以及我们如何抵制。

错误信息并不是一个新挑战，但在数字时代，它比以往任何时候都传播得更快，范围更广，涉及认知、心理和神经生物学机制的复杂相互作用。这篇综述探讨了认知因素、人格特征和环境影响如何塑造人们参与信息的方式。这是一个叙述性的评论，综合了作者以前发表的实证工作，根据更广泛的文献的相关发现进行了扩展和背景化。因此，我们提出了一个新兴的四表型错误信息易感性模型（消费者，怀疑者，知者，笨蛋），突出不同的认知，心理和行为特征。除了认知和心理学，我们还描述了错误信息参与的神经生物学基础，包括最近的发现，通过选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂（SSRIs）调节血清素能影响数字行为而不损害真相辨别。我们还评估了旨在对抗错误信息的策略，从认知去偏见技术到重塑在线环境的干预措施。最后，我们提出了未来的研究方向，整合精神病学，神经科学和行为科学，以完善错误信息抵抗策略，并探索其作为精神病学现象的潜在分类。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 医学-行为科学

CiteScore

14.20

自引率

3.70%

发文量

466

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： The official journal of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society publishes original and significant review articles that explore the intersection between neuroscience and the study of psychological processes and behavior. The journal also welcomes articles that primarily focus on psychological processes and behavior, as long as they have relevance to one or more areas of neuroscience.