Phytochemical Analysis and Bioactivity Evaluation of Phoenix dactylifera L. Ethanolic Extract and Cosmetic Cream: Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Abstract

Phoenix dactylifera L. (Ghars variety) seeds, widely available in Algeria, represent a valuable natural resource. Their rich phytochemical composition presents promising potential for applications in health and skincare. This study evaluates the phytochemical profile and biological activities of ethanolic extracts (EE) from Ghars date seeds and assesses the antimicrobial efficacy of a formulated cosmetic cream. Ethanolic extraction yielded 11.425% EE. Phytochemical screening, total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC) were determined. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (RAP) and DPPH assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed via membrane stabilization, and the antimicrobial potential of the EE-based cream was tested against selected bacterial strains. The EE exhibited high flavonoid (68.81 mg/mL) and phenolic content (118.6 mg/mL). Antioxidant assays showed strong activity, with IC₅₀ values of 47.86 μg/mL (FRAP) and 35.85 μg/mL (DPPH). The extract demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory effects. The EE-based cream displayed significant antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zones up to 27 mm against Bacillus subtilis and marked effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ghars date seed EE shows strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, supporting its use as a natural ingredient in cosmetic and healthcare formulations.