The role of magnesium hydrogels in bone regeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI:10.1007/s10856-025-06881-8

Zhifeng Chen, Dan Yang, Shan Wang, Chunbo Hao

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Abstract

Magnesium, an essential element in human physiology, is predominantly located in bone tissue. Since the early 20th century, magnesium-based biomaterials have demonstrated osteoinductive and angiogenic potential, positioning them as promising candidates for bone regeneration strategies. Hydrogels, composed of crosslinked hydrophilic polymers, provide a three-dimensional microenvironment mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby supporting cell adhesion, nutrient diffusion, and controlled release of bioactive ions such as Mg²⁺. Recent advances in material science have enabled the design of multifunctional magnesium-loaded hydrogels that synergistically combine mechanical stability, immunomodulation, and spatiotemporal Mg²⁺ release to address critical-sized bone defects. This review systematically examines hydrogel classifications and elucidates magnesium-mediated biological signaling pathways that drive bone repair. A meta-analysis of 10 studies retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase was performed to assess the efficacy of magnesium-containing hydrogels in bone repair. The findings demonstrate that magnesium significantly enhances bone repair processes, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic agent for bone defect treatment.

Graphical Abstract

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镁水凝胶在骨再生中的作用：系统综述和荟萃分析

镁是人体生理中必不可少的元素，主要存在于骨组织中。自20世纪初以来，镁基生物材料已经显示出骨诱导和血管生成的潜力，将其定位为骨再生策略的有希望的候选者。由交联亲水性聚合物组成的水凝胶提供了一个模拟细胞外基质（ECM）的三维微环境，从而支持细胞粘附、营养物质扩散和生物活性离子（如Mg 2 +）的可控释放。材料科学的最新进展使多功能镁负载水凝胶的设计成为可能，这种水凝胶协同结合了机械稳定性、免疫调节和时空Mg 2 +释放，以解决临界尺寸的骨缺陷。这篇综述系统地检查了水凝胶分类，并阐明了镁介导的驱动骨修复的生物信号通路。对PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus和Embase上的10项研究进行荟萃分析，评估含镁水凝胶在骨修复中的疗效。研究结果表明，镁显著增强骨修复过程，强调其作为骨缺损治疗药物的潜力。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 工程技术-材料科学：生物材料

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

3.5 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine publishes refereed papers providing significant progress in the application of biomaterials and tissue engineering constructs as medical or dental implants, prostheses and devices. Coverage spans a wide range of topics from basic science to clinical applications, around the theme of materials in medicine and dentistry. The central element is the development of synthetic and natural materials used in orthopaedic, maxillofacial, cardiovascular, neurological, ophthalmic and dental applications. Special biomedical topics include biomaterial synthesis and characterisation, biocompatibility studies, nanomedicine, tissue engineering constructs and cell substrates, regenerative medicine, computer modelling and other advanced experimental methodologies.