Damage mechanism insights into double network hydrogels: Predicting cyclic loading behaviors via monotonic loading

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI:10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106324

Jiapeng You , Junyi Zhang , Baosheng Yang , Chong Wang , Zishun Liu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

During the internal fracture process of the double network hydrogels (DN gels), the coupling effect between the two networks impacts excellent tensile properties and energy dissipation capabilities to the DN gels. To better understand this coupling effect and uncover the underlying damage mechanism of DN gels, it is important to study their loading behaviors. In this study, we investigate the effects of the network composition on the deformation modes under monotonic loading and fracture toughness of the DN gels. The deformation modes are categorized into five types. Among these, we find that the “Ductile & Necking” DN gels exhibit both high fracture toughness and high fracture strain. We then propose a damage model to predict the cyclic loading behaviors of the “Ductile & Necking” DN gels based on monotonic loading. The damage model quantitatively captures the stress-strain relationship and the dissipated energy density of DN gels during cyclic loading. Furthermore, the proposed damage model is validated and extended to DN gels with various physical and chemical network structures, showing good agreements with experimental results. This study establishes a connection between monotonic loading and cyclic loading behaviors in DN gels through the proposed damage model, providing deeper insights into their damage mechanisms. Additionally, it offers valuable guidance for the synthesis and design of soft materials.

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双网状水凝胶的损伤机制：通过单调加载预测循环加载行为

在双网状水凝胶（DN凝胶）内部断裂过程中，两网络之间的耦合作用影响了DN凝胶优异的拉伸性能和能量耗散能力。为了更好地理解这种耦合效应，揭示DN凝胶的潜在损伤机制，研究其加载行为是很重要的。在这项研究中，我们研究了网络组成对单调加载下DN凝胶的变形模式和断裂韧性的影响。变形模式可分为五种类型。其中，我们发现“韧性&；颈缩型DN凝胶具有高断裂韧性和高断裂应变。然后，我们提出了一个损伤模型来预测“韧性&；基于单调加载的“颈结”DN凝胶。该损伤模型定量捕捉了循环加载过程中DN凝胶的应力-应变关系和耗散能密度。进一步验证了所提出的损伤模型，并将其扩展到具有不同物理和化学网络结构的DN凝胶中，与实验结果吻合较好。本研究通过提出的损伤模型，建立了DN凝胶单调加载和循环加载行为之间的联系，为其损伤机制提供了更深入的认识。对软质材料的合成和设计具有重要的指导意义。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids 物理-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

9.40%

发文量

276

审稿时长

52 days

期刊介绍： The aim of Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids is to publish research of the highest quality and of lasting significance on the mechanics of solids. The scope is broad, from fundamental concepts in mechanics to the analysis of novel phenomena and applications. Solids are interpreted broadly to include both hard and soft materials as well as natural and synthetic structures. The approach can be theoretical, experimental or computational.This research activity sits within engineering science and the allied areas of applied mathematics, materials science, bio-mechanics, applied physics, and geophysics. The Journal was founded in 1952 by Rodney Hill, who was its Editor-in-Chief until 1968. The topics of interest to the Journal evolve with developments in the subject but its basic ethos remains the same: to publish research of the highest quality relating to the mechanics of solids. Thus, emphasis is placed on the development of fundamental concepts of mechanics and novel applications of these concepts based on theoretical, experimental or computational approaches, drawing upon the various branches of engineering science and the allied areas within applied mathematics, materials science, structural engineering, applied physics, and geophysics. The main purpose of the Journal is to foster scientific understanding of the processes of deformation and mechanical failure of all solid materials, both technological and natural, and the connections between these processes and their underlying physical mechanisms. In this sense, the content of the Journal should reflect the current state of the discipline in analysis, experimental observation, and numerical simulation. In the interest of achieving this goal, authors are encouraged to consider the significance of their contributions for the field of mechanics and the implications of their results, in addition to describing the details of their work.