Embryonic temperature shapes morphology, physiology, and survival across life stages for an ectotherm threatened by global change

IF 2.9 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY
Julia M. Thulander , Joshua M. Hall
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Climate change and urbanization expose organisms to novel thermal regimes. These changes are particularly impactful for embryonic development of ectotherms due to a lack of parental care, thermal sensitivity of development, and inability to behaviorally thermoregulate. Although the effects of shifting thermal regimes have been studied extensively using a few vertebrate models, little is known about impacts on species with multiple, distinct life stages such as amphibians. We measured nest temperatures of the Streamside Salamander (Ambystoma barbouri) in both disturbed and undisturbed habitats to determine how urbanization affects embryonic temperature. We incubated eggs across a range of temperatures to understand the effects of temperature on survival and larval and juvenile phenotypes. Resultant larvae and metamorphs were maintained in a common garden to isolate the effects of embryonic temperature, illuminating the effect of nest temperature on each life stage (egg, larvae, juvenile). Maximum nest temperatures were warmer in disturbed than undisturbed sites. Warmer incubation temperatures enhanced developmental rate but decreased survival and body size. These effects persisted into larval and metamorph stages, demonstrating that the effects of embryonic temperature persist across life stages. Our results illustrate the need for a deeper understanding of the long-term effects of nest temperature on ectotherms. Moreover, this work indicates that studies which use egg survival and hatchling phenotypes alone to forecast species responses to global change are conservative, and future work must incorporate the full life cycle.
胚胎温度影响了受全球变化威胁的变温动物的形态、生理和生命阶段的生存
气候变化和城市化使生物暴露在新的热环境中。这些变化对变温动物的胚胎发育特别有影响,因为它们缺乏亲代抚育,发育的热敏性,以及无法进行行为体温调节。尽管人们已经利用一些脊椎动物模型广泛研究了热状态变化的影响,但对两栖动物等具有多个不同生命阶段的物种的影响知之甚少。我们测量了河滨蝾螈(Ambystoma barbouri)在受干扰和未受干扰栖息地的巢温,以确定城市化如何影响胚胎温度。我们在一定温度范围内孵卵,以了解温度对存活率和幼虫和幼鱼表型的影响。将合成的幼虫和变质的幼虫饲养在一个共同的花园中,以分离胚胎温度的影响,阐明巢温度对每个生命阶段(卵、幼虫、幼虫)的影响。受干扰地点的最高巢温高于未受干扰地点。较高的孵化温度提高了发育率,但降低了存活率和体型。这些影响持续到幼虫和变态阶段,表明胚胎温度的影响在整个生命阶段持续存在。我们的研究结果表明,需要更深入地了解巢穴温度对变温动物的长期影响。此外,这项工作表明,仅使用卵存活率和孵化表型来预测物种对全球变化的反应的研究是保守的,未来的工作必须纳入整个生命周期。
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来源期刊
Journal of thermal biology
Journal of thermal biology 生物-动物学
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
7.40%
发文量
196
审稿时长
14.5 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Thermal Biology publishes articles that advance our knowledge on the ways and mechanisms through which temperature affects man and animals. This includes studies of their responses to these effects and on the ecological consequences. Directly relevant to this theme are: • The mechanisms of thermal limitation, heat and cold injury, and the resistance of organisms to extremes of temperature • The mechanisms involved in acclimation, acclimatization and evolutionary adaptation to temperature • Mechanisms underlying the patterns of hibernation, torpor, dormancy, aestivation and diapause • Effects of temperature on reproduction and development, growth, ageing and life-span • Studies on modelling heat transfer between organisms and their environment • The contributions of temperature to effects of climate change on animal species and man • Studies of conservation biology and physiology related to temperature • Behavioural and physiological regulation of body temperature including its pathophysiology and fever • Medical applications of hypo- and hyperthermia Article types: • Original articles • Review articles
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