Galectins in inflammatory skin diseases: current roles and future directions

Abstract

Galectins (LGALS) are β-galactoside-binding lectins involved in immune regulation, epithelial integrity, and tissue remodeling. In the skin, they exhibit cell type-specific expression across keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and immune cells, shaping inflammatory signaling and barrier homeostasis. In this review, we examine LGALS expression and function in inflammatory skin diseases, with a focus on atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (Pso). In AD, LGALS1, -3, -7, -9, and -10 are linked to Th2/Th22 responses and barrier dysfunction. In Pso, reduced LGALS1, -3, and -7 contrast with the proproliferative effects of LGAS-8 and immunomodulatory role of LGALS9. These findings highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of LGALS, supporting their relevance in precision medicine and targeted approaches for chronic skin inflammation.