Preparation of multifunctional epoxy composites with excellent flame retardancy, UV shielding and low dielectric properties based on fluorinated bismaleimide structure

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106429

Lu Li , Yongming Chen , Mengting Wei , Mingyuan Yang , Jiexiang Ren , Richeng Lian , Bifan Guo , Birong Zeng , Yiting Xu , Conghui Yuan , Lizong Dai

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Abstract

Epoxy resin is widely used in modern industry, however, its inherent flammability and susceptibility to aging limit its applications. Based on molecular structure design, a fluorinated bismaleimide was first synthesized as the key intermediate. Subsequently, through the highly reactive addition between the PH bond of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and the maleimide double bonds, a novel epoxy modifier (BMFP) was successfully synthesized, which simultaneously exhibited both excellent ultraviolet (UV) shielding performance and better flame retardancy. The resulting modifier demonstrated good compatibility with epoxy resin. Notably, as the addition amount increased, the epoxy composites not only maintained excellent optical transparency but also exhibited better UV-shielding efficiency and flame retardancy. When the BMFP addition amount reached 8 wt%, the epoxy composite achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 31 %. In addition, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) were reduced by 21.1 % and 20.3 %, respectively, compared to neat EP. Additionally, the UV-shielding efficiency showed a 93.4 % enhancement relative to the unmodified epoxy matrix. In addition, the presence of -CF₃ in the modifier effectively improved the dielectric and surface hydrophobicity properties of the epoxy composites, reducing dielectric loss by 31.3 % and increasing the water contact angle from 97.2° to 108.2°.

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基于氟化双马来酰亚胺结构的高性能阻燃、紫外线屏蔽和低介电性能环氧复合材料的制备

环氧树脂在现代工业中有着广泛的应用，但其固有的易燃性和易老化性限制了其应用。基于分子结构设计，首次合成了一种氟化双马来酰亚胺作为关键中间体。随后，通过9,10-二氢-9-氧-10-磷菲-10-氧化物（DOPO）的PH键与马来酰亚胺双键之间的高活性加成，成功合成了一种新型环氧改性剂（BMFP），该改性剂同时具有优异的紫外线屏蔽性能和较好的阻燃性能。所得改性剂与环氧树脂具有良好的相容性。值得注意的是，随着添加量的增加，环氧复合材料不仅保持了优异的光学透明度，而且具有更好的紫外线屏蔽效率和阻燃性。当BMFP添加量达到8 wt%时，环氧复合材料达到UL-94 V-0等级，极限氧指数（LOI）为31%。与纯EP相比，峰值放热率（pHRR）和总放热率（THR）分别降低了21.1%和20.3%。此外，与未改性的环氧树脂相比，其紫外线屏蔽效率提高了93.4%。此外，改性剂中-CF3的存在有效改善了环氧复合材料的介电性能和表面疏水性，降低了31.3%的介电损耗，使水接触角从97.2°增加到108.2°。

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来源期刊

Reactive & Functional Polymers 工程技术-高分子科学

CiteScore

8.90

自引率

5.90%

发文量

259

审稿时长

27 days

期刊介绍： Reactive & Functional Polymers provides a forum to disseminate original ideas, concepts and developments in the science and technology of polymers with functional groups, which impart specific chemical reactivity or physical, chemical, structural, biological, and pharmacological functionality. The scope covers organic polymers, acting for instance as reagents, catalysts, templates, ion-exchangers, selective sorbents, chelating or antimicrobial agents, drug carriers, sensors, membranes, and hydrogels. This also includes reactive cross-linkable prepolymers and high-performance thermosetting polymers, natural or degradable polymers, conducting polymers, and porous polymers. Original research articles must contain thorough molecular and material characterization data on synthesis of the above polymers in combination with their applications. Applications include but are not limited to catalysis, water or effluent treatment, separations and recovery, electronics and information storage, energy conversion, encapsulation, or adhesion.