[Occurrence Characteristics, Bioaccumulation, and Ecological Risk of PFASs in Rivers Receiving Different Effluents].

Abstract

Perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances （PFASs） are a type of persistent organic pollutants, which are widely used in leather anti-fouling treatment and fire extinguishing materials and threaten ecological security by entering environmental media in many ways. In this study, the occurrence characteristics of PFASs in river water and fish were investigated and their environmental risks were evaluated in five different types of rivers receiving different effluent. The results showed that PFASs were widely present in the receiving rivers, and the total concentration of PFASs ranged from 37.44 ng·L^-1 to 167.37 ng·L^-1. Urban comprehensive tail water and airport rainwater were the main pollution sources of PFASs, while short-chain PFASs were the main pollution types, with a pollution contribution rate of 58.7%. The accumulation potential of PFASs in carnivorous fish （Carassius auratus）was the highest, with a concentration of 136.87 ng·g^-1, which was 1.5 times higher than that of yellow catfish （Tachysurus fulvidraco） and 9.6 times higher than that of loach （Misgurnus anguillicaudatus）. The brain and liver were the main accumulation organs of PFASs, with contents of 217.49 ng·g^-1 and 166.8 ng·g^-1, followed by the muscle, gill, and intestine. Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimeric acid （GenX） and perfluorooctane sulfonate （PFOS） had a high bioaccumulation risk, and the average bioaccumulation potential （lgBAF） was 4.14 L·kg^-1 and 3.91 L·kg^-1, respectively. PFASs showed a low-to-medium mixed risk （RQ < 0.080）. Perfluorooctanoic acid （PFOA） was the most important risk contributor, with a contribution rate of 75.31%, while fish consumption had a low risk to human health.