Prevalence of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Iranian Elementary School Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Child Psychiatry & Human Development Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI:10.1007/s10578-025-01899-z

Zahra Tabibi, Sajad Ayoubi, Elham Rabbaniparsa

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Abstract

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to estimate the overall prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among Iranian elementary school children, with a particular focus on potential variations by gender and diagnostic tools. A systematic review of nine studies meeting eligibility criteria was conducted, including data from 9,138 children aged 6 to 12 years. The results indicate a pooled ADHDt prevalence of 11.2% (95% CI: 9.4-13.2%), with a significantly higher prevalence observed in boys (10.1%) compared to girls (7%). The choice of diagnostic instrument was also a source of variability in results, with the Conners' Questionnaire indicating a prevalence of 10.9% and the CSI-4 Questionnaire yielding a prevalence of 12.1%. The study highlights notable heterogeneity across the studies (I² = 87.6%), influenced by differences in sample size, location and diagnostic methodology. These findings highlight the necessity for the standardization of diagnostic practices in order to enhance the accuracy and consistency of estimates regarding the prevalence of ADHD in Iran. Additional research should concentrate on the elucidation of the social and cultural determinants. This will enable a deeper comprehension of these elements and the interwoven relationship between culture, society, and child mental health.

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伊朗小学生注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患病率：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

本系统综述和荟萃分析的目的是估计伊朗小学生注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的总体患病率，特别关注性别和诊断工具的潜在差异。对符合资格标准的9项研究进行了系统评价，包括9138名6至12岁儿童的数据。结果显示adhd的总患病率为11.2% (95% CI: 9.4-13.2%)，其中男孩的患病率（10.1%）明显高于女孩（7%）。诊断工具的选择也是结果差异的一个来源，康纳斯问卷显示患病率为10.9%，CSI-4问卷显示患病率为12.1%。该研究强调了研究之间显著的异质性（I²= 87.6%），受样本量、位置和诊断方法差异的影响。这些发现强调了诊断实践标准化的必要性，以提高关于伊朗ADHD患病率估计的准确性和一致性。进一步的研究应集中于阐明社会和文化的决定因素。这将使人们能够更深入地了解这些因素以及文化、社会和儿童心理健康之间的相互关系。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Child Psychiatry & Human Development Multiple-

CiteScore

0.50

自引率

3.40%

发文量

174

期刊介绍： Child Psychiatry & Human Development is an interdisciplinary international journal serving the groups represented by child and adolescent psychiatry, clinical child/pediatric/family psychology, pediatrics, social science, and human development. The journal publishes research on diagnosis, assessment, treatment, epidemiology, development, advocacy, training, cultural factors, ethics, policy, and professional issues as related to clinical disorders in children, adolescents, and families. The journal publishes peer-reviewed original empirical research in addition to substantive and theoretical reviews.