The Association Between Sensory Impairment and Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults: Insights From a National Cohort Study in China

IF 2.8 3区医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-08-16 DOI:10.1002/gps.70139

Bingxin Ma, Yan Sun, Qingxian Shen, Yuyang Zhang, Dongrui Wang, Junwei Ma, Xinyi Dong, Yue Zhao, Qi Lu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

Cognitive impairment and sensory impairment are highly prevalent in older adults, but the relationship between the two remains inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between visual impairment (VI), hearing impairment (HI), dual sensory impairment (DSI), and the onset of cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults.

Methods

Data were obtained from the 2011–2018 China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) cohort. Cognitive impairment was defined using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (CMMSE), with a score below 18 indicating its onset. VI and HI were identified through self-reported questionnaires. Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between single and dual SI with cognitive impairment.

Results

A total of 3239 adults aged 65 and older were analyzed, with 329 participants (10.2%) developing cognitive impairment over 21,039 person-years of follow-up. Participants with single VI (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08–1.87), single HI (HR 2.24, 95% CI 1.58–3.15), and DSI (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.44–3.01) exhibited significantly higher risks of cognitive impairment compared to those without SI.

Conclusions

In this nationally representative sample of Chinese older adults, VI, HI, and DSI, were significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Future studies are encouraged to employ standardized tools to assess sensory and cognitive impairments, further explore the mechanisms linking the two, and consider the potential benefits of incorporating sensory impairment assessment and management into primary healthcare to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment.

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老年人感觉障碍和认知障碍之间的关系：来自中国一项全国性队列研究的见解

目的认知障碍和感觉障碍在老年人中非常普遍，但两者之间的关系尚不明确。本研究旨在探讨中国老年人视觉障碍（VI）、听力障碍（HI）、双重感觉障碍（DSI）与认知障碍发病的关系。方法数据来自2011-2018年中国纵向健康寿命调查（CLHLS）队列。认知障碍的定义采用中文版的简易精神状态检查（CMMSE），分数低于18分表明其发病。通过自我报告问卷来确定VI和HI。采用Cox比例风险回归模型估计单双SI与认知障碍之间的粗风险比（hr）和校正风险比（hr）， 95%置信区间（ci）。结果共分析了3239名65岁及以上的成年人，其中329名参与者（10.2%）在21039人-年的随访中出现认知障碍。单一VI （HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08-1.87）、单一HI （HR 2.24, 95% CI 1.58-3.15）和DSI （HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.44-3.01）的参与者与没有SI的参与者相比，表现出显著更高的认知障碍风险。结论：在这个具有全国代表性的中国老年人样本中，VI、HI和DSI与认知障碍风险增加显著相关。未来的研究鼓励采用标准化的工具来评估感觉和认知障碍，进一步探索两者之间的联系机制，并考虑将感觉障碍评估和管理纳入初级卫生保健以降低认知障碍风险的潜在益处。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

2.50%

发文量

168

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： The rapidly increasing world population of aged people has led to a growing need to focus attention on the problems of mental disorder in late life. The aim of the Journal is to communicate the results of original research in the causes, treatment and care of all forms of mental disorder which affect the elderly. The Journal is of interest to psychiatrists, psychologists, social scientists, nurses and others engaged in therapeutic professions, together with general neurobiological researchers. The Journal provides an international perspective on the important issue of geriatric psychiatry, and contributions are published from countries throughout the world. Topics covered include epidemiology of mental disorders in old age, clinical aetiological research, post-mortem pathological and neurochemical studies, treatment trials and evaluation of geriatric psychiatry services.