An Antenna-Based Permittivity Sensor for Liquid and Solid Characterization With a Dedicated Uplink Band and Provision for LTE Communication

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI:10.1109/JSEN.2025.3585418

Sayan Sarkar

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This article presents a microstrip patch antenna-based permittivity sensor that can be used to characterize a wide range of liquids as well as solids. This is the first antenna-based sensor that can characterize both liquids and solids. The sensor can measure solid permittivity values from 1 to 13 and liquid permittivity values from 1 to 80. There are two separate sensing regions for liquids and solids with two different frequency bands used for characterization. There is also a dedicated uplink channel centered at 710 MHz for transmitting the sensed information wirelessly via the frequency division duplex (FDD) LTE Band 12 (698.2–716.2 MHz) or time division duplex (TDD) LTE Band 44 (703–803 MHz). This uplink channel enables the sensor to be a part of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). When not in use as a sensor, the antenna-based system can be utilized for dual-band and dual-linearly polarized communication within the 710-MHz LTE band as well as the FDD LTE Band 1 (2110–2170 MHz). This makes the system even more versatile. The solids and liquids can be removed with ease, thereby reducing the wait time between consecutive measurements. The sensor achieves a minimum sensitivity of 0.2% for both liquids and solids, which is at par with existing antenna-based sensors. Based on the different solid and liquid permittivity measurements performed, the maximum error in permittivity is found to be 3.18%, which is less than most antenna-based sensors in the literature.

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一种基于天线的液体和固体特性电容传感器，具有专用上行频带和LTE通信

本文提出了一种基于微带贴片天线的介电常数传感器，可用于表征各种液体和固体。这是第一个基于天线的传感器，可以同时表征液体和固体。该传感器可测量1 ~ 13的固体介电常数值和1 ~ 80的液体介电常数值。液体和固体有两个独立的传感区域，具有两个不同的频段用于表征。还有以710 MHz为中心的专用上行信道，用于通过频分双工（FDD） LTE频段12 （698.2-716.2 MHz）或时分双工（TDD） LTE频段44 （703-803 MHz）无线传输感测信息。该上行通道使传感器成为无线传感器网络（wsn）的一部分。当不作为传感器使用时，基于天线的系统可用于710-MHz LTE频段以及FDD LTE频段1 （2110-2170 MHz）内的双频和双线性极化通信。这使得系统更加通用。固体和液体可以很容易地去除，从而减少连续测量之间的等待时间。该传感器对液体和固体的最小灵敏度均为0.2%，与现有的基于天线的传感器相当。基于不同的固体和液体介电常数测量，发现介电常数的最大误差为3.18%，小于文献中大多数基于天线的传感器。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

14.00%

发文量

2058

审稿时长

5.2 months

期刊介绍： The fields of interest of the IEEE Sensors Journal are the theory, design , fabrication, manufacturing and applications of devices for sensing and transducing physical, chemical and biological phenomena, with emphasis on the electronics and physics aspect of sensors and integrated sensors-actuators. IEEE Sensors Journal deals with the following: -Sensor Phenomenology, Modelling, and Evaluation -Sensor Materials, Processing, and Fabrication -Chemical and Gas Sensors -Microfluidics and Biosensors -Optical Sensors -Physical Sensors: Temperature, Mechanical, Magnetic, and others -Acoustic and Ultrasonic Sensors -Sensor Packaging -Sensor Networks -Sensor Applications -Sensor Systems: Signals, Processing, and Interfaces -Actuators and Sensor Power Systems -Sensor Signal Processing for high precision and stability (amplification, filtering, linearization, modulation/demodulation) and under harsh conditions (EMC, radiation, humidity, temperature); energy consumption/harvesting -Sensor Data Processing (soft computing with sensor data, e.g., pattern recognition, machine learning, evolutionary computation; sensor data fusion, processing of wave e.g., electromagnetic and acoustic; and non-wave, e.g., chemical, gravity, particle, thermal, radiative and non-radiative sensor data, detection, estimation and classification based on sensor data) -Sensors in Industrial Practice