{"title":"Electrochemical Study of a WO₃ NPs/MoO₃ Heterojunction-Based Dual-Enzyme Amperometric Acetylcholine Sensor","authors":"Chih-Hsien Lai;Yu-Wei Chen;Jung-Chuan Chou;Po-Hui Yang;Po-Yu Kuo;Yu-Hsun Nien;Xin-Han Chen","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3585203","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes an acetylcholine (ACh) sensor based on a molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) film modified with tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanoparticles (NPs). The MoO3 film was first prepared by radio frequency (RF) sputtering, followed by drop-casting of hydrothermally synthesized WO3 NPs for hydrogen ion detection. X-ray diffraction (XRD), together with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected-area electron diffraction, confirmed the crystal phase of WO3 NPs, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) verified the homogeneous elemental distribution. In addition, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), low-energy inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (LEIPS), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were used to confirm the band structure, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further verified successful material synthesis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) further revealed that the WO3 NPs/MoO3 configuration enhances charge transport across the liquid interface. This sensor exhibits a high sensitivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$31.85~\\mu ~\\text {A}\\cdot \\text { decade}~^{-{1}}\\cdot \\text { cm}^{-{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), a limit of detection (LOD) (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.37\\times 10^{-{10}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> M), and acceptable interference tolerance, offering a novel approach for detecting low concentrations of ACh.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 16","pages":"30324-30336"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Sensors Journal","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11075932/","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study proposes an acetylcholine (ACh) sensor based on a molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) film modified with tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanoparticles (NPs). The MoO3 film was first prepared by radio frequency (RF) sputtering, followed by drop-casting of hydrothermally synthesized WO3 NPs for hydrogen ion detection. X-ray diffraction (XRD), together with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected-area electron diffraction, confirmed the crystal phase of WO3 NPs, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) verified the homogeneous elemental distribution. In addition, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), low-energy inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (LEIPS), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were used to confirm the band structure, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further verified successful material synthesis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) further revealed that the WO3 NPs/MoO3 configuration enhances charge transport across the liquid interface. This sensor exhibits a high sensitivity ($31.85~\mu ~\text {A}\cdot \text { decade}~^{-{1}}\cdot \text { cm}^{-{2}}$ ), a limit of detection (LOD) ($1.37\times 10^{-{10}}$ M), and acceptable interference tolerance, offering a novel approach for detecting low concentrations of ACh.
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