Comparative evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of 3D-printed restorative polymers: Effects of resin type, printer technology, and post-curing time

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107166

Nathalia S. Finck , May Anny A. Fraga , Américo B. Correr , Tonny A. Moreira , Cleocir J. Dalmaschio , Vitor O. Ramagem , Rafael R. Moraes

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study evaluated how resin type, printer technology, and post-curing time influence the mechanical and thermal properties of 3D-printed polymers for dental restorations. Bar-shaped specimens were printed with digital light processing (DLP) and liquid crystal display (LCD) printers using provisional and long-term resins. The post-curing times tested were 5 and 30 min. Response variables (n = 10) included fracture toughness (K_IC, MPa√m), Knoop microhardness (kgf/mm²), and degree of C=C conversion (%DC). Thermal analyses were carried out via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Data were analyzed via three-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Compared with the long-term resin, the provisional resin generally presented a superior K_IC. The 30-min the post-curing time was linked to an increase in K_IC in most conditions. No differences in microhardness were detected across any group. The long-term resin generally had a greater DC, and the DC was greater for the 30-min post-curing time than for the 5-min time for the provisional resin printed by the DLP printer. Longer post-curing times resulted in more complete curing of the resins. DSC and DMA analyses revealed that the 30 min post-curing time enhanced the thermal stability of both provisional and long-term resins, indicating more homogeneous polymer network formation with reduced residual monomers. The printer type had a minor effect on the performance of the restorative polymers. In conclusion, the resin material is key for 3D-printed dental restoratives, and longer curing times improved their mechanical and thermal properties.

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3d打印修复聚合物的机械和热性能的比较评估：树脂类型，打印机技术和后固化时间的影响

本研究评估了树脂类型、打印机技术和后固化时间如何影响用于牙科修复的3d打印聚合物的机械和热性能。采用临时树脂和长效树脂，用数字光处理（DLP）和液晶显示（LCD）打印机打印条形标本。响应变量（n = 10）包括断裂韧性（KIC, MPa√m）、Knoop显微硬度（kgf/mm2）和C=C转换度（%DC）。热分析通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）和动态力学分析（DMA）进行。数据采用三因素方差分析（α = 0.05）。与长期树脂相比，临时树脂普遍表现出较好的KIC。在大多数情况下，固化后30分钟的时间与KIC的增加有关。各组间显微硬度均无差异。长期树脂通常具有较大的DC，并且固化后30分钟的DC大于DLP打印机打印的临时树脂的5分钟DC。固化后时间越长，树脂固化越彻底。DSC和DMA分析显示，30分钟后固化时间增强了临时和长期树脂的热稳定性，表明聚合物网络形成更加均匀，残留单体减少。打印机类型对修复聚合物的性能影响较小。总之，树脂材料是3d打印牙科修复体的关键，较长的固化时间改善了它们的机械和热性能。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 工程技术-材料科学：生物材料

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

7.70%

发文量

505

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials is concerned with the mechanical deformation, damage and failure under applied forces, of biological material (at the tissue, cellular and molecular levels) and of biomaterials, i.e. those materials which are designed to mimic or replace biological materials. The primary focus of the journal is the synthesis of materials science, biology, and medical and dental science. Reports of fundamental scientific investigations are welcome, as are articles concerned with the practical application of materials in medical devices. Both experimental and theoretical work is of interest; theoretical papers will normally include comparison of predictions with experimental data, though we recognize that this may not always be appropriate. The journal also publishes technical notes concerned with emerging experimental or theoretical techniques, letters to the editor and, by invitation, review articles and papers describing existing techniques for the benefit of an interdisciplinary readership.