Non-invasive biomarkers in lung cancer

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

Clinica Chimica Acta Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2025.120552

Ravikumar Baskar , Suresh Saravanan , Vishwar Devendiran , Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi , Natarajan Alamgudi Palaniappan , Mugip Rahaman Abdul Wahab , Hemapreethi Surendran , Safia Obaidur Rab , Mohd Saeed

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with its high mortality rate largely due to challenges in early detection. Blood- and tissue-based biomarkers are widely used for diagnosis; however, they often cause patient discomfort, require complex analytical methods, and rely heavily on expert interpretation for disease staging. Non-blood-based biomarkers from sputum, urine, saliva, sweat, and exhaled breath are emerging as effective alternatives for lung cancer diagnostics. These methods are non-invasive, cost-effective, and allow safer, repeated sampling, making them suitable for prognostic use. Urine contains biomarkers such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and circulating tumour DNA, providing valuable metabolic insights. Saliva offers proteins, microRNAs, and exosomal biomarkers that reflect systemic disease-related changes. Sputum contains diverse molecular markers that aid early detection. Exhaled breath carries microRNAs and VOCs, representing another promising diagnostic route. Overall, non-invasive biomarker platforms significantly reduce procedural risks and enable earlier lung cancer detection. Their advancement holds substantial potential to improve patient outcomes globally.

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肺癌的非侵入性生物标志物

肺癌是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因，其高死亡率主要是由于早期发现方面的挑战。基于血液和组织的生物标志物被广泛用于诊断；然而，它们经常引起患者不适，需要复杂的分析方法，并且严重依赖专家对疾病分期的解释。来自痰、尿、唾液、汗液和呼出气体的非血液生物标志物正在成为肺癌诊断的有效替代方法。这些方法是非侵入性的，具有成本效益，并且允许更安全，重复采样，使其适合用于预后。尿液中含有挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）和循环肿瘤DNA等生物标志物，提供了有价值的代谢信息。唾液提供蛋白质、microrna和外泌体生物标志物，反映全身性疾病相关的变化。痰中含有多种分子标记物，有助于早期发现。呼出的气体携带microrna和VOCs，代表了另一种有希望的诊断途径。总体而言，非侵入性生物标志物平台显著降低了程序风险，并使肺癌的早期检测成为可能。它们的进步在改善全球患者预后方面具有巨大潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinica Chimica Acta 医学-医学实验技术

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

2.00%

发文量

1268

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Clinica Chimica Acta is a high-quality journal which publishes original Research Communications in the field of clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, defined as the diagnostic application of chemistry, biochemistry, immunochemistry, biochemical aspects of hematology, toxicology, and molecular biology to the study of human disease in body fluids and cells. The objective of the journal is to publish novel information leading to a better understanding of biological mechanisms of human diseases, their prevention, diagnosis, and patient management. Reports of an applied clinical character are also welcome. Papers concerned with normal metabolic processes or with constituents of normal cells or body fluids, such as reports of experimental or clinical studies in animals, are only considered when they are clearly and directly relevant to human disease. Evaluation of commercial products have a low priority for publication, unless they are novel or represent a technological breakthrough. Studies dealing with effects of drugs and natural products and studies dealing with the redox status in various diseases are not within the journal''s scope. Development and evaluation of novel analytical methodologies where applicable to diagnostic clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, including point-of-care testing, and topics on laboratory management and informatics will also be considered. Studies focused on emerging diagnostic technologies and (big) data analysis procedures including digitalization, mobile Health, and artificial Intelligence applied to Laboratory Medicine are also of interest.